Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kï̄ŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Most likely related to *kï̄rkïn (“maiden, slave girl”) and *kïrnak (“slave girl”).

Noun

*kï̄ŕ

1. girl
2. daughter

   Coordinate term: *ogul (“son; child”)

3. woman

   Coordinate term: *ēr (“man”)

Declension

Declension of *kï̄ŕ

	singular 3)
nominative	*kï̄ŕ
accusative	*kï̄ŕïg, *kï̄ŕnï1)
genitive	*kï̄ŕnïŋ
dative	*kï̄ŕka
locative	*kï̄ŕta
ablative	*kï̄ŕtan
allative	*kï̄ŕgaru
instrumental 2)	*kï̄ŕïn
equative 2)	*kï̄ŕča
similative 2)	*kï̄ŕlayu
comitative 2)	*kï̄ŕlïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Volga Bulgar: هير (hï̄r)
    • Chuvash: хӗр (hĕr)

• Arghu:
  • Old Khalaj: خٖيزْ (xï̄z)
    • Khalaj: qıız
• Oghuz:
  • West Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: قز (qız), قیز
      • Azerbaijani: qız
      • Gagauz: kız
      • Ottoman Turkish: قیز (kız)
        • Turkish: kız
        • Kurdish:

          → Northern Kurdish: qîz

        • → Swedish: guss
  • Salar: qız
  • Turkmen: gȳz
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: قٖيزْ (qï̄z)
    • Chagatai: [script needed] (qïz)
      • Uyghur: قىز (qiz)
      • Uzbek: qiz
• Kipchak: [script needed] (qïz)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: qız
    • Karachay-Balkar: къыз (qız)
    • Karaim: kyz
    • Kumyk: къыз (qız)
    • Urum: хыз (xız)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ҡыҙ (qıź)
    • Tatar: кыз (qız)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Karakalpak: qız
    • Kazakh: қыз (qyz)
    • Nogai: кыз (kız)
  • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: кыз (kız)
    • Southern Altai: кыс (kïs)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰶𐰃𐰕 (qïz)
  • Old Uyghur: 𐽲𐽶𐽴 (qyz /⁠kïz⁠/)
    • Western Yugur: ɢəz (gïz, gïs)
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: кыыс (kııs)
    • Yakut: кыыс (kïïs)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Tuvan: кыс (kıs)
      • Tofa: кыс (kıs)
    • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Chulym: қыс (qıs)
      • Khakas: хыс (xıs)
      • Shor: қыс (qıs)
    • Northern Altai: кыс (kïs)

• Proto-Turkic: *kïrnāk

• Oghuz: قِرْناقْ
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: قرناق (qırnaq)
    • Azerbaijani: qırnaq
    • Gagauz: kırnak
    • Ottoman Turkish: قرناق
      • Turkish: kırnak
  • Turkmen: gyrnak
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak-Cuman:
    • Kipchak: قِرْناقْ
  • Kipchak-Nogai:
    • Kazakh: қырнақ (qyrnaq) (dialectal)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: قِرْناقْ

• Proto-Turkic: *kï̄rkïn

• Oghur:
  • Volga Bulgar: هیرحومْ (hïrhum)
    • Chuvash: хӑрхӑм (hărh̬ăm)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ҡырҡын (qırqın)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: قِرقِنْ
• Siberian:
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: кыргыттар (kırgıttar) (from *kırgın, irregular plural of кыыс (kııs, “daughter”))
    • Yakut: кыргыттар (kïrgïttar) (from *kırgın, irregular plural of кыыс (kïïs, “daughter”))

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972), “kı:z”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 679
• Clauson, Gerard (1972), “kırkın”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 654
• Clauson, Gerard (1972), “kırna:k”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 661
• Mahmud al-Kashgari (1072–1074), Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the Compendium of the Languages of the Turks] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 218.
• Mahmud al-Kashgari (1072–1074), Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the Compendium of the Languages of the Turks] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 473.
• Mahmud al-Kashgari (1072–1074), Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the Compendium of the Languages of the Turks] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume II, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 110.
• Tekin, Talât (1988), Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language]‎^[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, pages 58-59