ém

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• ǽm (Würzburg and Milan glosses)
• ám (St. Gall glosses and Tallaght monasterial diaries)

Particle

ém

1. indeed, for sure, truly

Usage notes

Used to affirmatively reinforce a statement in which this particle is inserted.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 éim, ém”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ám”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

---

Vietnamese

Etymology

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 掩 (SV: yểm). Compare ẻm, a dialectal synonym.

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔɛm˧˦]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɛm˦˧˥]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʔɛm˦˥]

Verb

ém

1. to hide, to conceal, to keep quiet

Derived terms

Derived terms

• ém nhẹm