Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bʰrēw- (“wooden flooring, decking, bridge”); compare Gaulish brīuā.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbruɣ.jɔ̃ː/

Noun

*brugjǭ f

1. bridge

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *brugjǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*brugjǭ	*brugjōniz
vocative	*brugjǭ	*brugjōniz
accusative	*brugjōnų	*brugjōnunz
genitive	*brugjōniz	*brugjōnǫ̂
dative	*brugjōni	*brugjōmaz
instrumental	*brugjōnē	*brugjōmiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *bruggju
  • Old English: bryċġ
    • Middle English: brigge, brugge, brygge, bregge, brige, brig, bryge, brydge
      • English: bridge
      • Geordie English: brig
      • Scots: brig
      • Yola: burge
  • Old Frisian: brigge, bregge
    • North Frisian: brag, Bröch (Sylt)
    • Saterland Frisian: Brääch
    • West Frisian: brêge
  • Old Saxon: bruggia
    • Middle Low German: brugge
      • Dutch Low Saxon: brugge (Achterhoeks, Drents, Gronings, Twents, Veluws), brogge (Drents, Stellingwerfs, Veluws), brog (Drents, Gronings, Veluws)
      • German Low German: Brugge, Brügg(e), Brüch
      • Plautdietsch: Brigj
  • Old Dutch: brugga
    • Middle Dutch: brugge
      • Dutch: brug, Brugge
        • Afrikaans: brug
        • → Papiamentu: brùg
      • Limburgish: brögk
  • Old High German: brucca
    • Middle High German: brucke, brücke
      • Alemannic German: Brugg
      • Bavarian: Bruck, Brugg
      • Central Franconian: Bröck, Breck

        Hunsrik: Brick

      • German: Brücke
      • Luxembourgish: Bréck
      • Rhine Franconian:

        Pennsylvania German: Brick

      • Vilamovian: bryk
      • Yiddish: בריק (brik)
• Old Norse: bryggja
  • Icelandic: bryggja
  • English: Bruges
  • Faroese: bryggja
  • Norwegian: brygge, bryggje
  • (Old Norse: brú)
    • (Elfdalian: bru)
  • Old Swedish: bryggia, ᛒᚱᛦᚵᚵᛁᛆ
    • Swedish: brygga
  • Danish: brygge
  • → Middle English: brig, brigg, bryg, bregg
    • Scots: brig, brigg, breeg
      • → English: brig, brigg