Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þreskaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *þreskwaną

Etymology

Probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, turn”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈθres.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þreskaną

1. to thresh

Inflection

Conjugation of *þreskaną (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þreskō	*þreskaų	—	*þreskai	?
2nd singular	*þriskizi	*þreskaiz	*þresk	*þreskazai	*þreskaizau
3rd singular	*þriskidi	*þreskai	*þreskadau	*þreskadai	*þreskaidau
1st dual	*þreskōz	*þreskaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*þreskadiz	*þreskaidiz	*þreskadiz	—	—
1st plural	*þreskamaz	*þreskaim	—	*þreskandai	*þreskaindau
2nd plural	*þriskid	*þreskaid	*þriskid	*þreskandai	*þreskaindau
3rd plural	*þreskandi	*þreskain	*þreskandau	*þreskandai	*þreskaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þrask	*þruskį̄
2nd singular	*þrast	*þruskīz
3rd singular	*þrask	*þruskī
1st dual	*þruskū	*þruskīw
2nd dual	*þruskudiz	*þruskīdiz
1st plural	*þruskum	*þruskīm
2nd plural	*þruskud	*þruskīd
3rd plural	*þruskun	*þruskīn
	present	past
participles	*þreskandz	*þruskanaz

Derived terms

• *þreskwaþluz

Descendants

• Old English: þersċan, þresċan, þrexan
  • Middle English: threshen, thresshen, threschen, thrasshen
    • Scots: thresch, thrash
    • English: thresh, thrash
• Old Frisian: *therska
  • North Frisian: seenk (Amrum)
  • Saterland Frisian: täärske
  • West Frisian: terskje
• Old Saxon: *threskan, *therskan
  • Middle Low German: derschen, dorschen
    • Low German: döschen
• Frankish: *threskan
  • Old Dutch: *threscan
    • Middle Dutch: derschen
      • Dutch: dorsen, dorschen (obsolete spelling), derschen (obsolete)
        • Afrikaans: dors
  • → Vulgar Latin: *trescāre
    • Old French: trescher, treschier
    • Italian: trescare
• Old High German: dreskan
  • Middle High German: dreschen, dröschen, treschen, tröschen
    • German: dreschen
    • Luxembourgish: dreschen
    • Yiddish: דרעשן (dreshn)
• Old Norse: þreskja
  • Icelandic: þreskja
  • Faroese: treskja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: treskja, treska (dialectal) tryskja, trøskja, trøska, treiskje, trùska
  • Norwegian Bokmål: treske
  • Old Swedish: þriska, þryskja
    • Swedish: tröska
  • Danish: tærske, tæske
• Gothic: 𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽 (þriskan)
  • → Vulgar Latin: *triscāre
    • Galician: triscar
    • Portuguese: triscar
    • Spanish: triscar
• (see there for further descendants)