Appendix:Kalasha pronunciation
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The following tables show the IPA and recognized dictionary symbols which are used to represent the various sounds of the Kalasha language
Consonants[edit]
| IPA | American English | National Institute of Pakistan Studies (Latin script) | National Institute of Pakistan Studies (Urdu script) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | b | b | ب | bihík, بيِهيِک |
| bʱ | bh | bh | بھ | bhay, bhãgut |
| tʃ | ch | č | چ | kačénḍuk, čew |
| tʃh | ch(h) | čh | چهـ | čhamaní, čhu |
| tʂ (ʈʂ) | č̣ | peč̣, drač̣ | ||
| tʂh (ʈʂh) | č̣h | tʂutʂʰu | ||
| d | d | d | د | dandóyak, dénta |
| dʱ | dh | dh | دهـ | dharik, adhe |
| ɖ | ḍ | ڈ | ónḍrak, ḍóŋga | |
| ɖʱ | ɖh | ڈهـ | ɖʱuɕak | |
| dz (d͡z) | dz | dz | ځ | dzẽest, dzon |
| dʐ (d͡ʐ)/ɖʐ (ɖ͡ʐ) | ʈʂãɖʐa, ɖʐaʈʂ | |||
| g | g | g | گ | goṣṭ, agar |
| ɡʱ | gh | gh | گهـ | gheri, ghut' |
| h | h | h | هـ | بيِهيِک, hányak |
| dʒ | j | ǰ | ج | ǰuwári, ajatman |
| d͡ʑ | d͡ʑad͡ʑ | |||
| dʒʱ | jh | ǰh | جهـ | ǰhóna |
| k | k | k | ک | kakawáŋk |
| kh | kh | kh | کهـ | khẽ |
| ɭ | ḷ | ل﯀ | ḷasék | |
| l | l | l | ل | laš |
| m | m | m | م | meharbáni |
| n | n | n | ن | náṭim |
| ŋ | ng | ŋ | raŋ, preháŋk | |
| p | p | p | پ | púruṣgúạk |
| ph | ph | ph | پ | phaysalá |
| r | r | r | ر | truna c'hir |
| s | s | s | س | sawzék |
| ʂ | ṣ | ṣiṣárik | ||
| ʃ | sh | š | ش | šakhór, shak |
| t | t | t | ت | tus'ul'ek |
| ʈ | ṭ | paṭiŋgél | ||
| th | th | th | تهـ | thum |
| ʈh | ṭh | aṭhí | ||
| ts | ts | ts | څ | Tsiyam, tsẽtsaw |
| tsh | tsh | tsh | څهـ | tshirtsharek |
| w | w | w | و | waréša |
| j | y | y | يـ | yagi |
| z | z | z | ز | za |
| ʐ | z' | ẓ | z'ar | |
| ʒ | zh | ž | ژ | žum |
The phonemes /x ɣ q/ are found in loanwords. Also, the phonemes /ɽ ɳ ɲ/ may be found in the Kalasha language; there is evidence of the occurrence of the phonemes /t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ɕ ʑ d͡ʑh t͡ɕh/