Appendix:Proto-Northern Adelbert reconstructions
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Proto-Northern Adelbert reconstructions:
Pick (2020)[edit]
Pick (2020: 227-302) reconstructs the following Proto-Northern Adelbert forms.[1]
| Proto-Northern Adelbert | Gloss |
|---|---|
| *ad- | go |
| *-at | (adjective-forming suffix) |
| *-aw | (NMLZ) |
| *ag- | to see |
| *am-, *amum- | cry |
| *an- | to eat |
| *ar- | become |
| *arakai | road |
| *arek | trunk, piece |
| *areker | crayfish |
| *ari | later, after |
| *ariman | public, openly |
| *auw- | to burn, cook |
| *aw- | to do, get, take |
| *bab | older brother |
| *babad- | break, cut |
| *baner | signal drum, ironwood tree |
| *badim | platform, bed |
| *bak- | carve, sharpen |
| *barat, *babarat | year |
| *baram | hornbill |
| *-be, *-eb | SS |
| *begen | light |
| *ben | adze/axe |
| *beren | road |
| *bik | bamboo |
| *bin, *bin-at | heavy, weight |
| *bug-, *bugum- | to sit |
| *bugaŋ | house post |
| *buruk | pig |
| *debik | dirty |
| *degen | straight |
| *darem- | to stand |
| *demin | how many |
| *didum | bottom |
| *diruw | buttress roots, roots above ground |
| *duag | snake |
| *dur | tail |
| *durun | root |
| *eba | net bag |
| *ew- | say |
| *gabe(k) | rib |
| *gar | platform |
| *garem | bone |
| *gedaw | strong |
| *gemaŋ | liver |
| *girik- | turn |
| *guaŋ | skin |
| *gun | louse |
| *gurum | thick |
| *ib | feces |
| *iben | vagina |
| *id- | give to PL |
| *id- | roast |
| *idik | frog |
| *idin | smell |
| *iduw- | to go |
| *ig-, *igVd-, *igam- | to be |
| *igar- | hit PL |
| *iguar | penis |
| *igum-, *igumet- | burn |
| *ikaw | smoke |
| *im | hair |
| *im- | boil, cook in pot |
| *in- | to sleep |
| *inigirik- | to turn in one's sleep |
| *ip | hair, leaf |
| *iper | salt, ocean |
| *ir-, *iru- | go up |
| *irin | all |
| *iruar | aibika greens |
| *irub- | come up |
| *irub- | fill |
| *isiw- | leave behind |
| *it-, *yag *it- | bathe |
| *ituw- | take out |
| *iw- | put |
| *kai | sugarcane |
| *kam | day, sun |
| *kamar | sago |
| *kamun | pan |
| *kanam | later |
| *kapil | grease, fat |
| *kapur | lime |
| *kar | skin |
| *karim- | swell |
| *kasik | wild |
| *kasin | mosquito |
| *keb | speech |
| *kebuar | mouth |
| *kew- | say |
| *ked | blood |
| *ked-at | red |
| *k(a/e)kawin | palm cockatoo |
| *kemi | bow |
| *kenam | base |
| *kepak | flying fox |
| *keta | coconut |
| *ki | Question particle |
| *kibem | kundu drum |
| *kidar | breadfruit |
| *kilal | night bird of prey |
| *kima- | tell |
| *kit | meat |
| *kuaken | old |
| *kuar, *kakuar | hot |
| *kuari | tulip tree |
| *k(u/a)bum | stinging nettle (Tok Pisin salat) |
| *kudi | banana |
| *kuduruk | fly (insect) |
| *(k/g)ugu(t/d) | shadow |
| *kukum | dumb |
| *kum | brain |
| *kumaŋ | nape |
| *kupi | betelpepper vine |
| *kurun | black |
| *kurun | black (see also PN *umaw) |
| *kurum | valley |
| *kumag, *kamug | testicles |
| *kuaw | village |
| *ma, *mia | what |
| *ma- | talk, say |
| *madeŋ | man |
| *mak | behind, back |
| *maiŋ | weak, soft |
| *maiw | aibika greens |
| *mam | taro |
| *malabuŋ | flying fox |
| *mar | wing |
| *maur | Victoria crowned pigeon |
| *me | NEG |
| *megam, *magaw | star, year |
| *magam | firefly |
| *meger- | look for |
| *mekiw | land, ground |
| *men | breast |
| *merir- | vomit |
| *melik | eel |
| *mid-, *midet- | pierce, shoot |
| *mud | fire, firewood |
| *mudag, *mag | eye |
| *mudir | ant |
| *muduru | type of greens |
| *muga(n/ŋ) | bird |
| *mugurun | shouting, laughter |
| *mum | night bird |
| *munag | egg |
| *muŋ | husband, man |
| *mutar | mushroom |
| *mup- | pull |
| *nasin | spirit |
| *nat- | give to 2SG |
| *nebek | bird |
| *nem | with |
| *nag, *nenag | tooth, sharp edge |
| *nenar- | hit 2SG |
| *ŋam | tree |
| *pai | mango |
| *par- | call |
| *perem | floor, platform |
| *pi | bad |
| *pia | pitpit |
| *piduw | bundle |
| *piluw | hole |
| *pi(t)- | blow |
| *puk | skin, body |
| *puruk | smell, hear, perceieve |
| *selew | sand, beach |
| *sewaw | sand, beach |
| *siruw | loincloth |
| *sisimur | sunfly |
| *susur | ant sp. |
| *suw- | push |
| *taban | mountain |
| *tabir | plate |
| *tak | leaf |
| *takaw | grasshopper |
| *taw | piece of wood |
| *te | LOC |
| *teber | tree sp. (Tok Pisin: mangas) |
| *temen | now |
| *teteri | chicken |
| *t(e/i)bik | rain |
| *teŋ | branch |
| *tuar | crocodile |
| *tukum | stick |
| *ub- | to plant |
| *ub- | boil |
| *ubar | branch |
| *udir(a/e)m | leech |
| *um- | to die |
| *un- | to draw water |
| *un-at | female |
| *unim | name |
| *unin | bee |
| *up- | dance |
| *uram | belly |
| *usa | grasshopper |
| *ut- | give to 3SG |
| *uyaw | spear |
| *wa | pig, marsupial game animal |
| *waben | arm, hand |
| *waben kenam | shoulder, tricep, deltoid |
| *waben kumaŋ | wrist, shoulder |
| *wak- | break |
| *wag | hand drum |
| *wag | canoe |
| *war-, *wa- | hit, fight |
| *wawik | flood, flood water |
| *wayaŋ | white |
| *wediem | sun |
| *wayek | NEG |
| *wisir | centipede |
| *wud | song |
| *wud, *war- | to sing and dance |
| *yag | water |
| *yap | footprint |
| *yau | who |
| *yenar- | hit 1SG |
| *yis- | give to 1SG |
References[edit]
- ^ Pick, Andrew. 2020. A Reconstruction of Proto-Northern Adelbert Phonology and Lexicon. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
| Vocabulary lists of Indo-Pacific languages |
|---|
| Papuan |
|
p-Trans-New Guinea • p-Northern Adelbert • p-Sogeram • Bayono-Awbono • Paniai Lakes • Kolopom • Bulaka River • Pauwasi • p-South Bougainville • p-Lower Sepik • p-Watam-Awar-Gamay • p-Lakes Plain • p-North Halmahera • p-Timor-Alor-Pantar • p-Alor-Pantar • Tayap • Massep |
| Australian |
|
North Australian (basic) • p-Nyulnyulan • p-Mirndi • p-Gunwinyguan • Limilngan • Umbugarla • Minkin • Tiwi • Malak-Malak • Pama-Nyungan • p-Pama-Nyungan • p-Arandic • p-Thura-Yura • p-Ngayarda |
| Others |
|
p-Dravidian • Dravidian • Kusunda • Nihali • Kenaboi • p-Ongan |