Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/strěla

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *strel-, *strēl-, *strēlā, from *ster- (“line, streak, stripe; jet, spurt; beam”).

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian strėlė̃, strėlà (“arrow; shoot, branch; rafter”), Latvian strēle (“arrow, dart”).

Indo-European cognates include Proto-West Germanic *strālu (“arrow”).

Noun

*strěla f

1. arrow

Declension

Declension of *strěla (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*strěla	*strělě	*strěly
genitive	*strěly	*strělu	*strělъ
dative	*strělě	*strělama	*strělamъ
accusative	*strělǫ	*strělě	*strěly
instrumental	*strělojǫ, *strělǫ**	*strělama	*strělami
locative	*strělě	*strělu	*strělasъ, *strělaxъ*
vocative	*strělo	*strělě	*strěly

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *strěľati, *strěliti

Related terms

• *struna

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: стрѣла (strěla)
    • Belarusian: страла́ (stralá)
    • Russian: стрела́ (strelá)
    • Ukrainian: стріла́ (strilá)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: стрѣла (strěla)

    Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱃⱑⰾⰰ (strěla)

  • Bulgarian: стрела́ (strelá)
  • Macedonian: стрела (strela)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: стре́ла, стрије́ла

    Latin: stréla, strijéla, strila

  • Slovene: strẹ́la (“lightning bolt”) (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: střěla
    • Czech: střela
  • Old Polish: strzała
    • Polish: strzała
  • Slovak: strela
  • Slovincian: strzola
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: třěła
    • Lower Sorbian: stśěła

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “стрела”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “стрела”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 208