Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/struna
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Uncertain. The two main hypotheses are:
- From Proto-Indo-European *sterh₁- (“to streak, to strip”)[1], akin to *strěla (“arrow”), possibly from an unattested *-uti derivative *struti (“to strain”) + *-nъ + *-a. If correct, then the Slavic lemma would be a cognate with Proto-Germanic *strinô (“strip, strand”).
- From Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow, to stream”) (possibly *strew- (“to strew”)), akin to Proto-Slavic *struja, *struga (“stream”), either via the earlier form *strugna or (according to Vasmer) *strugsna. Neither form is phonetically satisfactory.
Noun[edit]
- string (of a musical instrument)
- Synonyms: *postornъkъ, *vьrvь
Declension[edit]
Declension of *strùna (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *strùna | *strùně | *strùny |
| Accusative | *strùnǫ | *strùně | *strùny |
| Genitive | *strùny | *strùnu | *strùnъ |
| Locative | *strùně | *strùnu | *strùnasъ, *strùnaxъ* |
| Dative | *strùně | *strùnama | *strùnamъ |
| Instrumental | *strùnojǫ, *strùnǭ** | *strùnama | *strùnamī |
| Vocative | *strùno | *strùně | *strùny |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms[edit]
- *strunьnъ (“stringed”)
Descendants[edit]
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- → Yiddish: סטרונע (strune) (from an indeterminate Slavic language)
Further reading[edit]
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “струна́”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Todorov T., editor (2010), “струна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 507
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Snoj, Marko (2016), “struna”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*strűna”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “struna”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 132)”