Haishenwai

See also: Hǎishēnwǎi

English

Etymology

From Mandarin 海參崴／海参崴 (Hǎishēnwǎi, literally “sea cucumber bay”), Wade–Giles romanization: Hai³-shen¹-wai³, reinforced by Hanyu Pinyin.

Proper noun

Haishenwai

1. Synonym of Vladivostok: the Mandarin Chinese-derived name. [from 20th c.]
   • 1977 April 1 [1977 April 1], “Vance Leaves 'Emptyhanded'”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China‎^[1], volume I, number 63, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, →ISSN, →OCLC, page A 3:

     In the Moscow talks, Vance presented to the Soviet side two alternative proposals of the U.S. Government. The first suggests a "deep cut" in the ceiling tentatively set by the two countries at Vadivostok (Haishenwai) in 1974 for their strategic missiles and bombers (2,400 for each).

   • [1987, Chang Fu-yun [張福運] / Chang Ching-wen [張景文], quotee, “Interviews, 1983”, in Reformer of the Chinese Maritime Customs‎^[2], University of California, →OCLC, page 96:

     Later on, after my return from Vladivostok, in Chinese we call it Hai-ts'an-wai^{[sic – meaning Hai-shen-wai]}, I bought a house from a eunuch next to the central park, a little to the west of the park.

     (Note: Hai-ts'an-wai is the hyphenated Wade-Giles-derived misspelled name for Haishenwai.)]

   • 1992, Rafe de Crespigny, “Splinters of Empire”, in China This Century‎^[3], Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 23:

     By the Sino-Russian Treaty of Beijing, the Chinese ceded not only the territory north of the Amur but also the maritime province in the east, between the Ussuri River and the Sea of Japan. The Chinese town of Haishenwai, settled by Russian colonists, was renamed Vladivostok ‘Rule the East’, and was developed as a port for foreign trade and for use as a naval base.

   • 1994 [1925 December 13], Zedong Mao, “Students Are Selected by the Chinese Guomindang to Go to Sun Yatsen University in Moscow”, in John King Fairbank Center for East Asian Research, transl., edited by Stuart R. Schram and Nancy J. Hodes, Mao's Road to Power: Revolutionary Writings 1912-1949‎^[4], M.E. Sharpe, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 287:

     All these students are preparing for going abroad in separate batches, and the first group will leave in a few days directly for Haishenwai [Vladivostok] by boat.

   • 1994, Raymond L. Garthoff, “Asia and American-Soviet Relations”, in The Great Transition: American-Soviet Relations and the End of the Cold War‎^[5], Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 653:

     The first public Chinese reaction was a statement by Foreign Minister Wu Xueqian on August 13, in which he said simply that the Chinese had "taken note" of Gorbachev's statement "made in Vladivostok (Haishenwai)," thus interjecting the Chinese name for the Chinese fishing village they claim existed on the site before the Russian colonization of the area.

   • 2016 July 23, Andrew Higgins, “Vladivostok Lures Chinese Tourists (Many Think It’s Theirs)”, in The New York Times‎^[6], →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-07-27, Asia Pacific‎^[7]:

     Yet, like nearly all Chinese who visit a city whose Russian name means “master of the East,” Mr. Cui is absolutely certain about one thing: The place should really be called Haishenwai, the name it had back when China was master in these parts.
     A native of the Chinese province of Jilin in Manchuria, Mr. Cui said it was a “historical fact” that the home of Russia’s Pacific Fleet and the showcase of President Vladimir V. Putin’s ambitions to project his country as an Asian power is in reality Chinese territory.

   • 2020 July 2, Shiwei Shen, Twitter‎^[8], archived from the original on 2023-05-26‎^[9]:

     This “tweet” of #Russian embassy to #China isn’t so welcome on Weibo
     “The history of Vladivostok (literally 'Ruler of the East') is from 1860 when Russia built a military harbor.” But the city was Haishenwai as Chinese land, before Russia annexed it via unequal Treaty of Beijing.

   • 2023 March 23, Graham Allison, “Xi and Putin Have the Most Consequential Undeclared Alliance in the World”, in Foreign Policy‎^[10], archived from the original on 27 March 2023, Argument‎^[11]:

     On today’s map, large swaths of what was in earlier centuries Chinese territory are now within Russia’s borders. This includes Moscow’s key naval base in the Pacific, Vladivostok—which on Chinese military maps is still labeled by its Chinese name, Haishenwai. The 2,500-mile border between the two nations has repeatedly seen violent clashes, most recently in 1969.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Haishenwai.

Usage notes

• Haishenwai follows the mainland China (PRC) pronunciation for 崴 (wǎi, literally “bay”), while Haishenwei follows the Taiwan (ROC) pronunciation, originally a pronunciation from mainland China.

Synonyms

• Haishenwei

Translations

city

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 海參崴／海参崴 (zh) (Hǎishēnwǎi, Hǎishēnwēi)

• Japanese: please add this translation if you can

See also

• Other Manchuria-related geographical terms in Russia: Boli, Hailanpao, Haishenwei, Jiangdong, Kuye, Miaojie, Nibuchu, Outer Khingan, Outer Manchuria, Russian Manchuria, Shuangchengzi, Sucheng

Further reading

• Haishenwai, Haishenwei at the Google Books Ngram Viewer.
• “Haishenwai” in TheFreeDictionary.com, Huntingdon Valley, Pa.: Farlex, Inc., 2003–2024.