Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸalnati
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From a nasal-infix present *pl̥néh₂ti ~ pl̥nh₂énti, from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to approach”). Cognate with Latin pellō (“to drive”).[1]
Verb[edit]
*ɸalnati
Inflection[edit]
| Athematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *ɸalnami | *ɸalnamam | *ɸiblāsū | ? |
| 2nd singular | *ɸalnasi | *ɸalnatās | *ɸiblāsesi | ? |
| 3rd singular | *ɸalnati | *ɸalnato | *ɸiblāseti | ? |
| 1st plural | *ɸalnamosi | *ɸalnamo | *ɸiblāsomosi | ? |
| 2nd plural | *ɸalnatesi | *ɸalnastē | *ɸiblāsetesi | ? |
| 3rd plural | *ɸalnanti | *ɸalnanto | *ɸiblāsonti | ? |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *ɸelū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *ɸelesi | ? | *ɸalna | |
| 3rd singular | *ɸeleti | ? | *ɸalnatou | |
| 1st plural | *ɸelomosi | ? | *ɸalnamos | |
| 2nd plural | *ɸeletesi | ? | *ɸalnate | |
| 3rd plural | *ɸelonti | ? | *ɸalnantou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *ɸalnar | — | *ɸiblāsūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *ɸalnatar | — | *ɸiblāsetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *ɸalnator | ? | *ɸiblāsetor | — |
| 1st plural | *ɸalnammor | — | *ɸiblāsommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *ɸalnadwe | — | *ɸiblāsedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *ɸalnantor | ? | *ɸiblāsontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *ɸelūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *ɸeletar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *ɸeletor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *ɸelommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *ɸeledwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *ɸelontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ɸlatos | *ɸlatou | *ɸlatoi |
| vocative | *ɸlate | *ɸlatou | *ɸlatoi |
| accusative | *ɸlatom | *ɸlatou | *ɸlatoms |
| genitive | *ɸlatī | *ɸlatous | *ɸlatom |
| dative | *ɸlatūi | *ɸlatobom | *ɸlatobos |
| instrumental | *ɸlatū | *ɸlatobim | *ɸlatobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ɸlatā | *ɸlatai | *ɸlatās |
| vocative | *ɸlatā | *ɸlatai | *ɸlatās |
| accusative | *ɸlatam | *ɸlatai | *ɸlatams |
| genitive | *ɸlatās | *ɸlatous | *ɸlatom |
| dative | *ɸlatai | *ɸlatābom | *ɸlatābos |
| instrumental | *? | *ɸlatābim | *ɸlatābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ɸlatom | *ɸlatou | *ɸlatā |
| vocative | *ɸlatom | *ɸlatou | *ɸlatā |
| accusative | *ɸlatom | *ɸlatou | *ɸlatā |
| genitive | *ɸlatī | *ɸlatous | *ɸlatom |
| dative | *ɸlatūi | *ɸlatobom | *ɸlatobos |
| instrumental | *ɸlatū | *ɸlatobim | *ɸlatobis |
Descendants[edit]
This verb ended up supplying the future tense forms of *ageti (“to drive”) in Insular Celtic and *aleti (“to nourish”) in Goidelic, and was generally lost otherwise.
- Proto-Brythonic:
- Old Irish: ·ella (lost outside of compounds)
References[edit]
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*fal-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 121