Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/grottōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *gʰrudnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *greutaną (“to crush”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣrut.tɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*grottōn

1. to crush, grind, cut apart

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *grutt- against *grut-.

Conjugation of *gruttōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gruttō	*gruttǭ	—	*gruttōi	?
2nd singular	*gruttōsi	*gruttōs	*gruttō	*gruttōsai	*gruttōsau
3rd singular	*gruttōþi	*gruttō	*gruttōþau	*gruttōþai	*gruttōþau
1st dual	*gruttōs	*gruttōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gruttōþiz	*gruttōþiz	*gruttōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*gruttōmaz	*gruttōm	—	*gruttōnþai	*gruttōnþau
2nd plural	*gruttōþ	*gruttōþ	*gruttōþ	*gruttōnþai	*gruttōnþau
3rd plural	*gruttōnþi	*gruttōn	*gruttōnþau	*gruttōnþai	*gruttōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gruttōdǭ	*gruttōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*gruttōdēz	*gruttōdēdīz
3rd singular	*gruttōdē	*gruttōdēdī
1st dual	*gruttōdēdū	*gruttōdēdīw
2nd dual	*gruttōdēdudiz	*gruttōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*gruttōdēdum	*gruttōdēdīm
2nd plural	*gruttōdēdud	*gruttōdēdīd
3rd plural	*gruttōdēdun	*gruttōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*gruttōndz	*gruttōdaz

Descendants

• Palatine German: grotzen, grutzen

References

• Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN