Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kalwaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
2=gelHPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
From Pre-Germanic *golH-wo-s, from Proto-Indo-European *gelH-, a root found only in Germanic and Balto-Slavic.[1]
Pronunciation
Adjective
*kalwaz[1]
Inflection
Declension of *kalwaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *kalwaz | *kalwai | *kalwō | *kalwôz | *kalwą, -atō | *kalwō |
| Accusative | *kalwanǭ | *kalwanz | *kalwǭ | *kalwōz | *kalwą, -atō | *kalwō |
| Genitive | *kalwas, -is | *kalwaizǫ̂ | *kalwaizōz | *kalwaizǫ̂ | *kalwas, -is | *kalwaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *kalwammai | *kalwaimaz | *kalwaizōi | *kalwaimaz | *kalwammai | *kalwaimaz |
| Instrumental | *kalwanō | *kalwaimiz | *kalwaizō | *kalwaimiz | *kalwanō | *kalwaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *kalwô | *kalwaniz | *kalwǭ | *kalwōniz | *kalwô | *kalwōnō |
| Accusative | *kalwanų | *kalwanunz | *kalwōnų | *kalwōnunz | *kalwô | *kalwōnō |
| Genitive | *kalwiniz | *kalwanǫ̂ | *kalwōniz | *kalwōnǫ̂ | *kalwiniz | *kalwanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *kalwini | *kalwammaz | *kalwōni | *kalwōmaz | *kalwini | *kalwammaz |
| Instrumental | *kalwinē | *kalwammiz | *kalwōnē | *kalwōmiz | *kalwinē | *kalwammiz |
Descendants
- Old English: calu
- Old Frisian: kale, kāle
- Old Saxon: kalo
- Old Dutch: *kalo
- Old High German: kalo, chalo; kalwēr, chalwēr, chalawēr
- Old Norse: *kǫlr
- Swedish: kalka (dialectal)