Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swefaną

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *swep-. Originally either a zero-grade present, or possibly an aorist-present.

Pronunciation

Verb

*swefaną

  1. to sleep
    Synonym: *slēpaną

Inflection

Conjugation of *swefaną (strong class 5)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *swefō *swefaų — *swefai ?
2nd singular *swifizi *swefaiz *swef *swefazai *swefaizau
3rd singular *swifidi *swefai *swefadau *swefadai *swefaidau
1st dual *swefōz *swefaiw — — —
2nd dual *swefadiz *swefaidiz *swefadiz — —
1st plural *swefamaz *swefaim — *swefandai *swefaindau
2nd plural *swifid *swefaid *swifid *swefandai *swefaindau
3rd plural *swefandi *swefain *swefandau *swefandai *swefaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *swaf *swēbį̄
2nd singular *swaft *swēbīz
3rd singular *swaf *swēbī
1st dual *swēbū *swēbīw
2nd dual *swēbudiz *swēbīdiz
1st plural *swēbum *swēbīm
2nd plural *swēbud *swēbīd
3rd plural *swēbun *swēbīn
present past
participles *swefandz *swebanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Old English: swefan, āswefan
  • Old Norse: sofa
    • Icelandic: sofa
    • Faroese: sova
    • Norwegian:
    • Old Swedish: sova
    • Old Danish: souæ
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    • Jamtish: sovo
    • Elfdalian: såvå
    • Gutnish: syve
    • Scanian: søva
    • ⇒ Old Norse: sofna (inchoative)
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