Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tīwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god”). Possibly attested as 𐌕𐌄𐌉𐌅𐌀 (teiva) on the Negau helmet.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtiː.wɑz/

Noun

*tīwaz m

1. deity, god
2. (as a proper noun) Tyr, the Germanic god of war. Identified in later times with the Roman god Mars.
3. (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᛏ (t)

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *tīwaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*tīwaz	*tīwōz, *tīwōs
vocative	*tīw	*tīwōz, *tīwōs
accusative	*tīwą	*tīwanz
genitive	*tīwas, *tīwis	*tīwǫ̂
dative	*tīwai	*tīwamaz
instrumental	*tīwō	*tīwamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *Tīw
  • Old English: Tīw, Tuu, Tig, Tiig — Mercian
    • → English: Tiw
  • Old Frisian: Tii
  • Old High German: Ziu, *Zīw
• Old Norse: týr, Týr
  • Icelandic: týr, Týr
    • → Danish: Tyr
    • → Swedish: Tyr
    • → English: Tyr
  • Faroese: Týrur
  • Norwegian: Ty
  • Swedish: Ti
  • Danish: Ty, Ti (dialectal, place names)
• Gothic: *𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍅𐍃 (*teiws /⁠tyz⁠/) (uncertain interpretation of Latin transliteration)