Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tīwaz

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *deywós (god). Possibly attested as 𐌕𐌄𐌉𐌅𐌀 (teiva) on the Negau helmet.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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*tīwaz m

  1. deity, god
  2. (as a proper noun) Tyr, the Germanic god of war. Identified in later times with the Roman god Mars.
  3. (Runic alphabet) name of the rune (t)

Inflection

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masculine a-stemDeclension of *tīwaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *tīwaz *tīwōz, *tīwōs
vocative *tīw *tīwōz, *tīwōs
accusative *tīwą *tīwanz
genitive *tīwas, *tīwis *tīwǫ̂
dative *tīwai *tīwamaz
instrumental *tīwō *tīwamiz

Descendants

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  • Proto-West Germanic: *Tīw
    • Old English: Tīw, Tuu, Tig, TiigMercian
      • English: Tiw
    • Old Frisian: Tii
    • Old High German: Ziu, *Zīw
  • Old Norse: týr, Týr
  • Gothic: *𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍅𐍃 (*teiws /⁠tyz⁠/) (uncertain interpretation of Latin transliteration)

References

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  1. ^ Markey, Tom (2001) “A Tale of Two Helmets: The Negau A and B Inscriptions”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies, volume 29, number 1/2, pages 69–172