Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waldaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Kroonen supposes a back-formation from the preterite *wulþǭ (compare Old Norse past olla), which continues an extended aorist root, Pre-Germanic *h₂wl̥h₁-t-.[1], from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule, be strong”).
Pronunciation
Verb
*waldaną
- to rule
Inflection
Conjugation of *waldaną (strong class 7c)
The original preterite seems to have been weakly inflected like a preterite-present verb, as seen in Old Norse.
Conjugation of — (irregular, defective)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | — | — | — | — | — |
2nd singular | — | — | — | — | — |
3rd singular | — | — | — | — | — |
1st dual | — | — | — | — | — |
2nd dual | — | — | — | — | — |
1st plural | — | — | — | — | — |
2nd plural | — | — | — | — | — |
3rd plural | — | — | — | — | — |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *wulþǭ | *wulþēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *wulþēz | *wulþēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *wulþē | *wulþēdī | |||
1st dual | *wulþēdū | *wulþēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *wulþēdudiz | *wulþēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *wulþēdum | *wulþēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *wulþēdud | *wulþēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *wulþēdun | *wulþēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | — | *wulþaz |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Old English: wealdan
- Old Frisian: walda
- Old Saxon: waldan
- Old Dutch: waldan
- ⇒ Middle Dutch: gewouden (strong verb)
- Old High German: waltan
- Old Norse: valda
- Icelandic: valda
- Faroese: valda
- Norwegian: valda
- Old Danish: waldæ
- Danish: volde
- Old Swedish: valda
- Swedish: vålla
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- Elfdalian: uolda
- Gutnish: valde
- Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽 (waldan)