Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waldaną
 |
This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Kroonen supposes a back-formation from the preterite *wulþǭ (compare Old Norse past olla), which continues an extended aorist root, Pre-Germanic *h₂wl̥h₁-t-.[1], from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule, be strong”).
Pronunciation
Verb
*waldaną
- to rule
Inflection
Conjugation of *waldaną (strong class 7c)
The original preterite seems to have been weakly inflected like a preterite-present verb, as seen in Old Norse.
Conjugation of — (irregular, defective)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2nd singular | — | — | — | — | — |
| 3rd singular | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1st dual | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1st plural | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2nd plural | — | — | — | — | — |
| 3rd plural | — | — | — | — | — |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *wulþǭ | *wulþēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *wulþēz | *wulþēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *wulþē | *wulþēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *wulþēdū | *wulþēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *wulþēdudiz | *wulþēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *wulþēdum | *wulþēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *wulþēdud | *wulþēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *wulþēdun | *wulþēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | — | *wulþaz | |||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Old English: wealdan
- Old Frisian: walda
- Old Saxon: waldan
- Old Dutch: waldan
- ⇒ Middle Dutch: gewouden (strong verb)
- Old High German: waltan
- Old Norse: valda
- Icelandic: valda
- Faroese: valda
- Norwegian: valda
- Old Danish: waldæ
- Danish: volde
- Old Swedish: valda
- Swedish: vålla
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language, etymology language or family code; the value "gmq-bot" is not valid. See WT:LOL, WT:LOL/E and WT:LOF.
- Elfdalian: uolda
- Gutnish: valde
- Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽 (waldan)