Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tis

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Suffix

*(é)-tis f

1. Derives abstract/action nouns from verb roots.

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*(é)-tis
genitive	*(Ø)-téys
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(é)-tis	*(é)-tih₁(e)	*(é)-teyes
vocative	*(é)-ti	*(é)-tih₁(e)	*(é)-teyes
accusative	*(é)-tim	*(é)-tih₁(e)	*(é)-tims
genitive	*(Ø)-téys	*?	*(Ø)-téyoHom
ablative	*(Ø)-téys	*?	*(Ø)-tímos
dative	*(Ø)-téyey	*?	*(Ø)-tímos
locative	*(Ø)-téy, *(Ø)-tḗy	*?	*(Ø)-tísu
instrumental	*(Ø)-tíh₁	*?	*(Ø)-tíbʰi

Frequent hysterokinetic/mesostatic pattern:

Athematic, hysterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*(Ø)-tís
genitive	*(Ø)-téys
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(Ø)-tís	*(Ø)-tíh₁(e)	*(Ø)-téyes
vocative	*(Ø)-tí	*(Ø)-tíh₁(e)	*(Ø)-téyes
accusative	*(Ø)-tím	*(Ø)-tíh₁(e)	*(Ø)-tíms
genitive	*(Ø)-téys	*?	*(Ø)-téyoHom
ablative	*(Ø)-téys	*?	*(Ø)-téymos
dative	*(Ø)-téyey	*?	*(Ø)-téymos
locative	*(Ø)-téy, *(Ø)-tḗy	*?	*(Ø)-téysu
instrumental	*(Ø)-téyh₁	*?	*(Ø)-téybʰi

Derived terms

► Proto-Indo-European words suffixed with *-tis

• *-ti-Hō
  • Celtic: *-tiū
    • Old Irish: -tiu
  • Italic:
    • Latin: -tiō

Descendants

• Balto-Slavic: *-tis, *-tei (infinitive suffix)
  • Latvian: -tis, -t
  • Lithuanian: -tis, -ti
  • Slavic: *-tь; *-ti (see there for further descendants)
• Celtic: *-tis
• Germanic: *-þiz (also the variant forms *-diz, *-tiz, *-siz)
• Hellenic: *-tis
  • Ancient Greek: -τις (-tis)
    • Attic Greek: -σις (-sis)
• Indo-Iranian: *-tiš
  • Indo-Aryan: *-tiṣ
    • Sanskrit: -ति (-ti)
  • Iranian: *-tiš
    • Avestan: -𐬙𐬌‎ (-ti)
• Italic: *-tis
  • Latin: -tim