Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷerh₃-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gʷerh₃-^[1]^[2]

to swallow, devour, eat

Derived terms

Template:PIE root see

*gʷérh₃-ti ~ *gʷr̥h₃-énti (athematic root present)^[2]^[3]
- Proto-Albanian: *en-gra-nti^[4]^[5]
  - Albanian: hangër (Gheg)
  - Albanian: ngrënë, ngranë (Tosk) (past participles of ha)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtei^[6]
  - Latvian: dzert, dzer̂t, to drink
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
    - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.^[6] (see there for further descendants)
- Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=. (see there for further descendants)
*gʷérh₃-t ~ *gʷr̥h₃-ént (root athematic)^[7]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Armenian: եկեր (eker, 3sg.)
*gʷorh₃-éye-ti ~ *gʷorh₃-éy-onti (*éye-causative)^[2]
- Proto-Italic: *gʷorō^[8]
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=. (see there for further descendants)
*gʷr̥h₃-é-ti ~ *gʷr̥h₃-ónti ("tudati" thematic root)^[2]^[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Háti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Háti
    - Sanskrit: गिरति (giráti)
  - Proto-Iranian: *gr̥Háti
    - Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (gar^əm)
*gʷe-gʷórh₃-e ~ *gʷe-gʷr̥h₃-ḗr (stative)^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰagā́rHa
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agā́rHa
    - Sanskrit: जगार (jagā́ra)
*gʷi-gʷr̥h₃-sḱ-éti ~ *gʷi-gʷr̥h₃-sḱ-ónti (reduplicate *sḱe-present)^[3]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=., ἔβρων (ébrōn, aor. act.), ἐβρώθην (ebrṓthēn, aor. pass.)
    - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=., βρώμη (brṓmē, “oat, oats”)
      - Spanish: broma
    - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
    - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
    - ⇒ Ancient Greek: βρωτήρ (brōtḗr), βρωστήρ (brōstḗr, “moth”)
    - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
*gʷerh₃-gʷōrh₃-^[7]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
*gʷerh₃-tló-m^[3]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtló^[9]
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=., (dialectical) gérklę
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.^[9] (see there for further descendants)
*gʷérh₃-tro-s^[3]
- Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.^[3]
  - Old High German: querdar
    - Middle High German: querder
      - German: Köder
*gʷerh₃-wéh₂^[10]
- Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.^[10]
  - Old Frisian: querka
  - Old High German: querka, querkela
    - Middle High German: querke, quarke
  - Old Norse: kverk
    - Norwegian: kverk
    - Faroese: kvørkrar (plural)
*gʷo-gʷorh₃-tro-m^[7]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
*gʷorh₃-éh₂
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *garáH
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *garáH
    - Sanskrit: गरा (garā́)
*gʷórh₃-o-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *gʷóros
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
*gʷorh₃-ó-s^[1]^[7]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Armenian: կեր (ker)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *garHás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *garHás
    - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
*gʷr̥h₃-nó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Hnás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Hnás
    - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g^u̯er-, g^u̯erə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 404
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*g^u̯erh₃-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 211-212
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwerþra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 318
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎^[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 215
^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “ngrënë”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[2] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 297
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “gerti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “ker-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 359-360
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vorō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 690
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “gerklė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwerkō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 317

[IEW-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g^u̯er-, g^u̯erə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 404

[LIV-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*g^u̯erh₃-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 211-212

[Kroonen_kwerþra-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwerþra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 318

[4] Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎^[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 215

[5] Demiraj, B. (1997) “ngrënë”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[2] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 297

[Derksen-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “gerti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172

[Martirosyan-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “ker-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 359-360

[8] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vorō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 690

[Derksen_gerkle-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “gerklė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172

[Kroonen_kwerko-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwerkō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 317

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷerh₃-

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Proto-Indo-European

Root

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷerh₃-

Proto-Indo-European

Root

Derived terms

References

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