Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷerh₃-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷerH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gʷerh₃- (perfective)^[1]^[2]

to swallow, devour, eat

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷerh₃- (30 c, 0 e)

*gʷérh₃-t ~ *gʷr̥h₃-ént (athematic root aorist)^[3]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: եկեր (eker, 3sg.)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Epic Greek: ἔβρως (ébrōs, 2sg.aor.) (with generalized zero-grade)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: गरन् (garan, 3pl.inj.act.)^[4] (thematized from strong stem)

*gʷe-gʷórh₃-e ~ *gʷe-gʷr̥h₃-ḗr (reduplicated stative)^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰagárHa
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agárHa
    - Sanskrit: जगार (jagā́ra)

*gʷr̥h₃-é-ti (tudati-present)

*gʷr̥h₃-néh₂-ti (neh₂-iterative)
- Proto-Germanic: *kurrōną
  - ⇒? Proto-Germanic: *kwerraną (“to devour, glut”) (see there for further descendants)

*gʷr̥h₃-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)^[2]
- Proto-Hellenic: *gʷrṓskō
  - Ancient Greek: *βρώσκω (*brṓskō) (as in ἀναβρώσκων (anabrṓskōn); probably a later formation^[5])
    - ⇒? Ancient Greek: βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat, digest”) (see there for further descendants)

*gʷérh₃-tlo-m
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtlán (“throat”) (see there for further descendants)

*gʷorh₃-éh₂
- Proto-Hellenic: *gʷorā́
  - Ancient Greek: βορά (borá, “fodder”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *garáH
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *garáH
    - Sanskrit: गरा (garā́)
- Proto-Italic: *gʷorā-
  - ⇒? Latin: vorō (“to swallow, devour”) (see there for further descendants)

*gʷórh₃-o-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *gʷóros
  - Ancient Greek: βόρος (bóros, “swallowing”)

*gʷorh₃-ó-s^[1]^[3]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Armenian: կեր (ker)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *garHás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *garHás
    - Sanskrit: गर (gará, “fluid, beverage”)

*gʷo-gʷorh₃-tro-m^[3]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: կոկորդ (kokord, “throat”) (see there for further descendants)

*gʷr̥h₃-ont-s
- ⇒ Proto-Albanian: *engranti
  - Albanian: ngrënë
    - ⇒ Albanian: hangër

*gʷr̥h₃-nó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Hnás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Hnás
    - Sanskrit: गीर्ण (gīrṇá, “swallowed, devoured”)

*gʷr̥h₃-tló-m^[6]^[7]
- Proto-Albanian: *gritlā^[7]
  - >? Albanian: grellë (“deep place”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gúrˀtlan (“throat”) (see there for further descendants)

*gʷr̥h₃-tó-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: gi̇̀rtas (“drunk, intoxicated”)
- Proto-Hellenic: *gʷrōtós
  - Ancient Greek: βρωτός (brōtós)

Unsorted formations

Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬋 f (garō, “throats”, nom./acc.pl.)
Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬋𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (aspōgar^əm, “who swallows horses”, acc.sg.)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: गॄ (gṝ)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959), “g^u̯er-, g^u̯erə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 404
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*g^u̯erh₃-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 211-212
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “ker-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 359-360
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 206
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “βιβρώσκω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 213-4
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gъ̀rdlo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 198: “n. o (a) ‘throat’”
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Orel, Vladimir (1998), “grellë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 122: “IE *g^u̯r̥tlom”

[IEW-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959), “g^u̯er-, g^u̯erə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 404

[LIV-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*g^u̯erh₃-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 211-212

[Martirosyan-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “ker-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 359-360

[4] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 206

[5] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “βιβρώσκω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 213-4

[6] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gъ̀rdlo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 198: “n. o (a) ‘throat’”

[Orel-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Orel, Vladimir (1998), “grellë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 122: “IE *g^u̯r̥tlom”

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