Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁élem

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Compare Arabic نَشَم (našam, “elm”), which points to the Proto-Semitic form *Caśam-, the middle consonant of which is the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative /ɬ/, however possibly not found in Semitic except in Arabic; likely a wanderwort. The same match pertains to Old Armenian թեղի (tʻełi, “elm”) and Ancient Greek πτελέα (pteléa, “wych-elm”)

Noun

*h₁élem

1. mountain elm

Descendants

• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *elemas
  • Proto-Slavic: *jьlьmъ (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Celtic: *lemos
  • Old Irish: lem
    • ⇒ Middle Irish: lemán
      • Irish: leamhán
      • Manx: lhiouan
      • Scottish Gaelic: leamhan
  • Welsh: llwyf (< *lēmos)
• Proto-Germanic: *elmaz (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Italic: *olmos
  • Latin: ulmus (see there for further descendants)

References

• Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 160
• “Darja notes: Elms and kids' morphology”, in Jabal al-Lughat‎^[1], 2016 July 25, archived from the original on 15 February 2018