Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷékʷlos
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
2=kʷelPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Reduplicated derivative of *kʷel- (“to turn”).[1]
Noun
*kʷékʷlos m (non-ablauting)
Comment
This Proto-Indo-European word has been proposed as the source of Sumerian 𒄑𒇀 (ĜIŠGIGIR, “chariot”), Aramaic and Hebrew גַּלְגַּל (galgal, “anything that rolls; wheel”) (but compare גָּלַל (gālal, “to roll”)), and Proto-Kartvelian *grgar.[1] The similarly shaped Chinese 軲轆/轱辘 (*guk luk)[2] is only attested in the last few centuries and may be the result of convergent onomatopoeic derivation. Instead, the undetermined 車 (*kla, “chariot” > “car”) may be a borrowing from a descendant form of this root from the spread of the chariot. See Chariot (China).
Inflection
Thematic | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | collective | |||
nominative | *kʷékʷlos | *kʷekʷléh₂ | ||
genitive | *kʷékʷlosyo | *kʷekʷlósyo | ||
singular | dual | plural | collective | |
nominative | *kʷékʷlos | *kʷékʷloh₁ | *kʷékʷloes | *kʷekʷléh₂ |
vocative | *kʷékʷle | *kʷékʷloh₁ | *kʷékʷloes | *kʷekʷléh₂ |
accusative | *kʷékʷlom | *kʷékʷloh₁ | *kʷékʷloms | *kʷekʷléh₂ |
genitive | *kʷékʷlosyo | *? | *kʷékʷloHom | *kʷekʷlósyo |
ablative | *kʷékʷlead | *? | *kʷékʷlomos | *kʷekʷléad |
dative | *kʷékʷloey | *? | *kʷékʷlomos | *kʷekʷlóey |
locative | *kʷékʷley, *kʷékʷloy | *? | *kʷékʷloysu | *kʷekʷléy, *kʷekʷlóy |
instrumental | *kʷékʷloh₁ | *? | *kʷékʷlōys | *kʷekʷlóh₁ |
Descendants
- Anatolian:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kaklas (< *kʷokʷlos)
- Latgalian: koklys (“neck”)
- Latvian: kakls (“neck”)
- Lithuanian: kãklas (“neck”)
- Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
- Proto-Germanic: *hwehwlą (< *kʷékʷlom) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=. (< *kʷukʷlo-)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čakrám n (see there for further descendants)
- Phrygian: κίκλην (kíklēn)
- Proto-Tocharian: *kuk(ä)le (< *kʷukʷlo-)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mallory, James Patrick (1989) In Search of the Indo-Europeans, Thames and Hudson, →ISBN, p. 163
- ^ John Farndon, The World's Greatest Idea, →ISBN, p. 95