Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́ʰástas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰós-tos

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-t-o-s, *ǵʰos-t-o-s, from *ǵʰes-.

Noun

*ȷ́ʰástas m

1. hand

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ȷ́ʰástas	*ȷ́ʰástā	*ȷ́ʰástā, -ās(as)
vocative	*ȷ́ʰásta	*ȷ́ʰástā	*ȷ́ʰástā, -ās(as)
accusative	*ȷ́ʰástam	*ȷ́ʰástā	*ȷ́ʰástāns
instrumental	*ȷ́ʰástā	*ȷ́ʰástaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*ȷ́ʰástāyš
ablative	*ȷ́ʰástāt	*ȷ́ʰástaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*ȷ́ʰástaybʰyas
dative	*ȷ́ʰástāy	*ȷ́ʰástaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*ȷ́ʰástaybʰyas
genitive	*ȷ́ʰástasya	*ȷ́ʰástayās	*ȷ́ʰástāna(H)m
locative	*ȷ́ʰástay	*ȷ́ʰástayaw	*ȷ́ʰástayšu

Reconstruction notes

The Iranian and Nuristani forms show an initial d, possibly due to contamination with *dáwš or dissimilation.

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰástas
  • Sanskrit: हस्त (hásta) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Iranian: *jástah, *dástah (probable dissimilation)
  • Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (zasta)
  • Bactrian: λιστο (listo)
  • Gurani: دەس (das)
  • Northern Kurdish: dest
  • Old Persian: 𐎭𐎿𐎫 (d-s-t /⁠dasta⁠/)
    • Middle Persian: 𐭩𐭣𐭤 (dast)
      • Persian: دست (dast)
  • Parthian: dst (dast)
  • Pashto: لاس (lās)
  • Zazaki: dest (dast)
• Proto-Nuristani: *dásta (probable dissimilation)
  • Northern Nuristani:
    • Kamkata-viri:

      Kamviri: dǘšt

      Kativiri: dúšt

    • Prasuni: lust
  • Southern Nuristani:
    • Ashkun: dóst
    • Tregami: dö́š
    • Waigali: dost