Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/-ištʰas
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *-istHos, from *-yōs (elative suffix) + *-tHós (adjectival suffix).[1][2] Cognate with Ancient Greek -ιστος (-istos), Proto-Germanic *-istaz.
Suffix
*-ištʰas
- superlative adjectival suffix.
Declension
Thematic | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | ||
nominative | *-ištʰas | *-ištʰaH | |
genitive | *-ištʰasya | *-ištʰaHs | |
masculine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *-ištʰas | *-ištʰaH | *-ištʰās |
vocative | *-ištʰa | *-ištʰaH | *-ištʰās |
accusative | *-ištʰam | *-ištʰaH | *-ištʰans |
genitive | *-ištʰasya | *? | *-ištʰām |
ablative | *-ištʰāt | *? | *-ištʰamas |
dative | *-ištʰāy | *? | *-ištʰamas |
locative | *-ištʰay | *? | *-ištʰayšu |
instrumental | *-ištʰaH | *? | *-ištʰāš |
feminine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *-ištʰaH | *-ištʰaH(a) | *-ištʰaHas |
vocative | *-ištʰaH | *-ištʰaH(a) | *-ištʰaHas |
accusative | *-ištʰaHa | *-ištʰaH(a) | *-ištʰaHas |
genitive | *-ištʰaHs | *? | *-ištʰaHaHam |
ablative | *-ištʰaHs | *? | *-ištʰaHmas |
dative | *-ištʰaHay | *? | *-ištʰaHmas |
locative | *-ištʰaH, *-ištʰaHi | *? | *-ištʰaHsu |
instrumental | *-ištʰaHH | *? | *-ištʰaHbʰi |
neuter | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *-ištʰam | *-ištʰay(H) | *-ištʰaH |
vocative | *-ištʰam | *-ištʰay(H) | *-ištʰaH |
accusative | *-ištʰam | *-ištʰay(H) | *-ištʰaH |
genitive | *-ištʰasya | *? | *-ištʰām |
ablative | *-ištʰāt | *? | *-ištʰamas |
dative | *-ištʰāy | *? | *-ištʰamas |
locative | *-ištʰay | *? | *-ištʰayšu |
instrumental | *-ištʰaH | *? | *-ištʰāš |
Descendants
Category Proto-Indo-Iranian adjectives suffixed with *-ištʰas not found
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-iṣṭʰas
- Sanskrit: इष्ठ (-iṣṭha)
- Proto-Iranian: *-ištah[3]
- Avestan: 𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (-išta)
- Parthian: [script needed] (-yšt /-išt/)
- Old Persian: [script needed] (-ista)
- Middle Persian: [script needed] (st' /-ist/)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 221
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 284
- ^ Windfuhr, Gernot (2010) The Iranian Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), Oxon, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, pages 79-80