Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/wŕ̥kah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wŕ̥kas, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos. Cognate with Sanskrit वृक (vṛ́ka).

Noun

*wŕ̥kah m

1. wolf

Derived terms

• *Wŕ̥kānah (“mythical founder of Narts”)
  • Avestan: 𐬬𐬆𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬁𐬥𐬀 (Vəhrkāna)
  • Ossetian: Уӕрхӕг (Wærxæg)
  • Parthian: 𐭅𐭓𐭊𐭍 (Wurgān)
  • Old Persian: 𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴 (Varkāna)
    • Middle Persian: 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢𐭠𐭭 (Gurgān)
      • Persian: گرگان (Gorgân)
  • → Ancient Greek: Ὑρκανία (Hurkanía) (see there for further descendants)
  • → Old Armenian: Վրկան (Vrkan)

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬬𐬆𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀 (vəhrka)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Khotanese: 𐨦𐨁𐨪𐨿𐨒𐨿𐨒 (birgga-)
  • Sogdo-Bactrian:
    • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (wry̆k)
    • Sogdian: [script needed] (wyrky)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi: گرک (gurk)
  • Kurdish: gur,
  • Mazanderani-Shahmirzadi:
    • Mazanderani: ورگ (verg)
  • Zaza-Gurani:
    • Gurani: ۋەرگ (ʋarg)
    • Zazaki: verg (varg)
• Southwest Iranian:
  • Old Persian: 𐎺𐎼𐎣 (varka)
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠gurg⁠/)

      Manichaean script: 𐫃𐫇𐫡𐫃 (gwrg)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwlg)

      Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢 (gʿlg)

      Pazend script: 𐬔𐬎𐬭𐬔 (gurg)

      • Classical Persian: گرگ (gurg)

        Dari: گرگ (gurg)

        Iranian Persian: گرگ (gorg)

        Tajik: гург (gurg)

      • Lurish

        Bakhtiari: گرگ (gorg)

        Northern Luri: گؤرگ (gorg)