वृक

Hindi

वृक

Alternative forms

• बृक (bŕk)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृक (vṛka).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʋɾɪk/

Noun

वृक • (vŕk) m

1. a wolf

   Synonym: भेड़िया (bheṛiyā)

Declension

Declension of वृक (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	वृक vŕk	वृक vŕk
oblique	वृक vŕk	वृकों vŕkõ
vocative	वृक vŕk	वृको vŕko

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृक (vṛka).

Noun

वृक • (vruk) m

1. a wolf

References

• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “वृक”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Sanskrit

FWOTD – 16 October 2020

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱৃক (Assamese script)
• ᬯᬺᬓ (Balinese script)
• বৃক (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰴𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑀾𑀓 (Brahmi script)
• ဝၖက (Burmese script)
• વૃક (Gujarati script)
• ਵ੍ਰਕ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑍃𑌕 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦽꦏ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑃂𑂍 (Kaithi script)
• ವೃಕ (Kannada script)
• វ្ឫក (Khmer script)
• ວ຺ຣິກ (Lao script)
• വൃക (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᡵᡳᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘵𑘎 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠷᠢᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑧖𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑐺𑐎 (Newa script)
• ଵୃକ (Odia script)
• ꢮꢺꢒ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑆸𑆑 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖴𑖎 (Siddham script)
• වෘක (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾𑩙𑩜 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚊 (Takri script)
• வ்ரிக (Tamil script)
• వృక (Telugu script)
• วฺฤก (Thai script)
• ཝྲྀ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑒵𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wŕ̥kas (“wolf”), from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀 (vəhrka), Old Persian 𐎺𐎼𐎣 (v-r-k /⁠varka⁠/) (whence Persian گرگ (gorg)), Latin lupus, Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos), Lithuanian vilkas, Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ), Old English ƿulf (whence English wolf). Native grammarians etymologize it as "the tearer" and connect it to root व्रश्च् (vraśc), whence वृक्ण (vṛkṇa).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋŕ̩.kɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋr̩.kɐ/

Noun

वृक • (vṛ́ka) stem, m

1. a wolf
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.183.4:

     मा वां॒ वृको॒ मा वृ॒कीरा द॑धर्षी॒न्मा परि॑ वर्क्तमु॒त माति॑ धक्तम् ।
     अ॒यं वां॑ भा॒गो निहि॑त इ॒यं गीर्दस्रा॑वि॒मे वां॑ नि॒धयो॒ मधू॑नाम् ॥

     mā́ vāṃ vṛ́ko mā́ vṛkī́rā́ dadharṣīnmā́ pári varktamutá mā́ti dhaktam.
     ayáṃ vāṃ bhāgó níhita iyáṃ gī́rdásrāvimé vāṃ nidháyo mádhūnām.

     Let not the wolf, let not the she-wolf harm you.
     Forsake me not, nor pass me by or others.

   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.42.2:

     यो नः॑ पूषन्न॒घो वृको॑ दुः॒शेव॑ आ॒दिदे॑शति ।
     अप॑ स्म॒ तं प॒थो ज॑हि ॥

     yó naḥ pūṣannaghó vṛ́ko duḥśéva ādídeśati.
     ápa sma táṃ pathó jahi.

     Drive, Pūṣan, from our road the wolf, the wicked inauspicious wolf,
     Who lies in wait to injure us.

2. plough
3. thunderbolt
4. moon; sun
5. (botany) a kind of plant (= बक (baka))
6. the resin of Pinus longifolia, now Pinus palustris

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of वृक

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	वृकः (vṛ́kaḥ)	वृकौ (vṛ́kau) वृका¹ (vṛ́kā¹)	वृकाः (vṛ́kāḥ) वृकासः¹ (vṛ́kāsaḥ¹)
accusative	वृकम् (vṛ́kam)	वृकौ (vṛ́kau) वृका¹ (vṛ́kā¹)	वृकान् (vṛ́kān)
instrumental	वृकेण (vṛ́keṇa)	वृकाभ्याम् (vṛ́kābhyām)	वृकैः (vṛ́kaiḥ) वृकेभिः¹ (vṛ́kebhiḥ¹)
dative	वृकाय (vṛ́kāya)	वृकाभ्याम् (vṛ́kābhyām)	वृकेभ्यः (vṛ́kebhyaḥ)
ablative	वृकात् (vṛ́kāt)	वृकाभ्याम् (vṛ́kābhyām)	वृकेभ्यः (vṛ́kebhyaḥ)
genitive	वृकस्य (vṛ́kasya)	वृकयोः (vṛ́kayoḥ)	वृकाणाम् (vṛ́kāṇām)
locative	वृके (vṛ́ke)	वृकयोः (vṛ́kayoḥ)	वृकेषु (vṛ́keṣu)
vocative	वृक (vṛ́ka)	वृकौ (vṛ́kau) वृका¹ (vṛ́kā¹)	वृकाः (vṛ́kāḥ) वृकासः¹ (vṛ́kāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• वृकोदर (vṛkodara)

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit:
  • Chakma: 𑄤𑄇𑄴 (wāk)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀬 (vaya)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀅 (vaa)
    • Gujarati: વરુ (varu)
    • Kachchi: વરુ (varu)
• Dardic:
  • Shina: उरुक (uruk)
• Pali: vaka
• → Hindi: वृक (vŕk)
• → Marathi: वृक (vruk)
• → Telugu: వృకము (vr̥kamu)
• → Bengali: বৃক (brik)

Proper noun

वृक • (Vṛ́ka) m

1. name of an Asura
2. name of a son of Krishna
3. name of a king
4. name of a son of Ruruka (or Bharuka)
5. name Prithu
6. name of a son of Shura
7. name of a son of Vatsaka
8. (in the plural) name of a people and a country (belonging to मध्यदेश (madhya-deśa)) (compare वार्केण्य (vārkeṇya))

Related terms

• वृकी (vṛ́kī)

References

• “वृक” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 516.
• Monier Williams (1899) “वृक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1008.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “वृक”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 294
• Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 700