Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/želti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

(deprecated template usage)

Attested only via its intensive derivative *žiliti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gélˀtei, descending from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH-é-ti. Cognate with Latvian dzel̂t (“to sting”), Lithuanian gélti (“to hurt”), Proto-Germanic *kwelaną (“to quell, to kill”), Proto-Iranian *gráHti (“to project, to strike”).

Verb

*želti impf (perfective *žiliti)

1. to bite (for beasts, reptiles)
2. to sting (for insects)

Conjugation

Conjugation of *želti, *žel, *žeľetь (impf., -C/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*želtьje	*želti	*želtъ	*žellъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*želtъ	*žeľemъ
Active	*želvъ	*žeľę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*želsъ	*žel	*žel	*žeľǫ	*žeľeši	*žeľetь
Dual	*želsově	*želsta	*želste	*žeľevě	*žeľeta	*žeľete
Plural	*želsomъ	*želste	*želsę	*žeľemъ	*žeľete	*žeľǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*žeľaaxъ	*žeľaaše	*žeľaaše	—	*žeľi	*žeľi
Dual	*žeľaaxově	*žeľaašeta	*žeľaašete	*žeľivě	*žeľita	—
Plural	*žeľaaxomъ	*žeľaašete	*žeľaaxǫ	*žeľimъ	*žeľite	—

Notes:
• (*)*željenъ is doublet of past passive participle

Derived terms

• *želařь (“stinger (agent)”)
• *žilo (“stinger (tool)”)
• *užiliti (“to sting fiercely”)
• *zažiliti (“to bite up”)
• *jьzžiliti (“to bite out”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • ⇒ Russian: жиля́ть (žiljátʹ) (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • ⇒ Bulgarian: жиля (žilja)
  • ⇒ Macedonian: жили (žili)
  • ⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: жи̏лити (dialectal)

    Latin script: žȉliti (dialectal)

Further reading

• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жиля, жилвам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 546