Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-slo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

• *-slь, *-sla
• *-lo
• *-dlo (after vowels or r/l)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Probably from *(s)-tlo, from *(d/t/s/z)-tlo, from Proto-Indo-European *-tlom.

Inherited, but becoming productive only in Proto-Slavic. There are many direct cognates, e.g.

• *veslo (“oar, paddle”) = Latin vēlum (“sail”)
• *čerslo = Lithuanian ker̃slas (“tool for drawing blood”)
• *krěslo = Lithuanian krė́slas

Exact match to *-lo and *-slo are Lithuanian *-las and *-slas, forming instrument nouns as well as action nouns (> nomina acti).

Suffix

*-slo n

1. Deverbal, forming nouns denoting a tool or instrument.

   *vezti > *vesti (“to lead, cart, convey”) → *veztlo/*vezslo > *veslo (“oar, paddle”)

   *mazati (“to smear, anoint”) → *maztlo/*mazslo > *maslo (“oil, ointment”)

2. (rare) Deverbal, creating action nouns, usually becoming nomina acti.

   *čitti > *čisti (“to read; respect”) → *čittlo/*čitslo > *čislo (“number”)

Declension

Declension of *-slo (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-slo	*-slě	*-sla
genitive	*-sla	*-slu	*-slъ
dative	*-slu	*-sloma	*-slomъ
accusative	*-slo	*-slě	*-sla
instrumental	*-slъmь, *-slomь*	*-sloma	*-sly
locative	*-slě	*-slu	*-slěxъ
vocative	*-slo	*-slě	*-sla

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Usage notes

• Used with verbs ending -C- or -a/j-
• Usually used with verbs with e-vocalism of the root.
• Usually from roots ending in d/t/s/z. It's not used with roots ending in r/l (see *-dlo). Possibly *-lo is used with roots ending in b/p/k/g.

See also

• *-sno
• *dolto

Derived terms

Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-slo

Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-slь

Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-sla

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: -сло (-slo)
    • Belarusian: -сло (-slo)
    • Russian: -сло (-slo)
    • Ukrainian: -сло (-slo)

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: -сло (-slo)

    Glagolitic script: -ⱄⰾⱁ (-slo)

  • Bulgarian: -сло (-slo)
  • Macedonian: -сло (-slo)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: -сло

    Latin script: -slo

  • Slovene: -slo

• West Slavic:
  • Czech: -slo
  • Polish: -sło
  • Slovak: -slo
  • Slovincian: -sło
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: -sło
    • Lower Sorbian: -sło

Further reading

• Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎^[1] (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*kreslo / *krěslo”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 126
• “*-slo”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), Wrocław: Ossolineum, 1974–2001, page 103f