Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tьma
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *timāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.
Noun
*tьmà f[1]
Declension
Declension of *tьmà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *tьmà | *tь̀mě | *tьmỳ |
| genitive | *tьmỳ | *tьmù | *tь̀mъ |
| dative | *tьmě̀ | *tьmàma | *tьmàmъ |
| accusative | *tьmǫ̀ | *tь̀mě | *tьmỳ |
| instrumental | *tьmòjǫ, *tь̀mǫ** | *tьmàma | *tьmàmī |
| locative | *tьmě̀ | *tьmù | *tьmàsъ, *tьmàxъ* |
| vocative | *tьmo | *tь̀mě | *tьmỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *tьmьnъ (“dark”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тьма”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Verweij, Arno (1994) “Quantity Patterns of Substantives in Czech and Slovak”, in Dutch Contributions to the Eleventh International Congress of Slavists, Bratislava (Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics)[1], volume 22, Editions Rodopi B.V., page 503
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tьma”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 504: “f. ā ‘darkness’”