Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/topiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

(deprecated template usage)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tapīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *top-éye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“hot, warm”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit तापयति (tāpáyati, “to heat, to torment”), Avestan 𐬙𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (tāpaiieⁱti, “to heat”). See Proto-Indo-European *tep- for more cognates.

Verb

*topìti

1. to heat

Inflection

Conjugation of *topiti, *topi, *topitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*topľenьje	*topiti	*topitъ	*topilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*topľenъ	*topimъ
Active	*topľь	*topę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*topixъ	*topi	*topi	*topľǫ	*topiši	*topitь
Dual	*topixově	*topista	*topiste	*topivě	*topita	*topite
Plural	*topixomъ	*topiste	*topišę	*topimъ	*topite	*topętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*topľaaxъ	*topľaaše	*topľaaše	—	*topi	*topi
Dual	*topľaaxově	*topľaašeta	*topľaašete	*topivě	*topita	—
Plural	*topľaaxomъ	*topľaašete	*topľaaxǫ	*topimъ	*topite	—

Notes:
• (*)*topivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

• *teplъ (“warm”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: топити (topiti), 1sg. топлю (toplju)
    • Belarusian: тапі́ць (tapícʹ)
    • , 1sg. топлю́ (topljú), 3sg. то́пит (tópit)
    • Ukrainian: топи́ти (topýty), 1sg. топлю́ (topljú)
• South Slavic:
  • Macedonian: топи (topi)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    , 1sg. то̀пӣм

    , 1sg. tòpīm; se topȉt (“to melt”), 3sg. se tȍpi (Orbanići Chakavian)

    • → Albanian: topit
  • , 1sg. topím
• West Slavic:
  • , 1sg. topię
  • Sorbian:

References

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “тёплый”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, pages 236–237
• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*topìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 496
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “топи́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Etymology 2

Unclear. Vasmer suggests a possible connection with Old Armenian թաթաւեմ (tʻatʻawem, “to soak (e.g. clothes in blood)”), but notes that it's quite conjectural. Trubachev notes that Zubaty and Stang suggest a connection with Lithuanian tàpti (“to become”).

Verb

*topìti

2. to drown

Inflection

Conjugation of *topiti, *topi, *topitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*topľenьje	*topiti	*topitъ	*topilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*topľenъ	*topimъ
Active	*topľь	*topę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*topixъ	*topi	*topi	*topľǫ	*topiši	*topitь
Dual	*topixově	*topista	*topiste	*topivě	*topita	*topite
Plural	*topixomъ	*topiste	*topišę	*topimъ	*topite	*topętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*topľaaxъ	*topľaaše	*topľaaše	—	*topi	*topi
Dual	*topľaaxově	*topľaašeta	*topľaašete	*topivě	*topita	—
Plural	*topľaaxomъ	*topľaašete	*topľaaxǫ	*topimъ	*topite	—

Notes:
• (*)*topivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: топити (topiti), 1sg. топлю (toplju)
    • Belarusian: тапі́ць (tapícʹ)
    • , 1sg. топлю́ (topljú), 3sg. то́пит (tópit)
    • Ukrainian: топити (topyty)

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: потопити (potopiti, “to drown, to destroy”), 1sg. потоплѭ (potopljǫ)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Macedonian: топи (topi)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    , 1sg. то̀пӣм

    Latin: tòpiti (“to flood”), 1sg. tòpīm

    • Chakavian : se topȉt (“to drown”), 3sg. se tȍpi
  • Slovene: topíti (“to sink, to immerse”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. topím (tonal orthography)

• West Slavic:
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: topić
    • Lower Sorbian: topiś

References

• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*topìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 496
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “топи́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress