Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tep-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*tep-^[1]

to be warm, be hot

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tep- (37 c, 0 e)

*tép-e-ti (thematic root present)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tápati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tápati
    - Sanskrit: तपति (tápati)
  - Proto-Iranian: *tápati (“to warm up, heat”)^[2]
    - Bactrian: ταβ- (tab-, “to impress (a seal); to seal”)
    - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (t’BY-, “to heat”)
    - Khotanese: ttavāre
    - Middle Persian:
      Book Pahlavi: tʾp̄tn' (tāftan), tʾb (tāb-, “to heat, burn (up); to shine”, present stem); tʾp̄k' (tābag) (see there for further descendants)
      - Persian: تافتن (tâftan), تاب (tâb, present stem)
    - Parthian:
      Manichaean: tʾb- (tāb-, “to shine; to heat”)
    - Lurish:
      Northern Luri: تاۆ (tāow)
      - Silakhori: تۋ (tü)
      Bakhtiari: تںۆ (taow)
      
      Southern Luri: تںۆ (taow)
*tep-éh₁-ye-ti (stative)^[1]^[3]
- (perhaps) Proto-Albanian: *tpē-(h) (analogically reformed after original inchoatives)^[4]
  - Albanian: ftoh (by metathesis)
- Proto-Italic: *tepēō^[3] (see there for further descendants)
*tep-eh₂-yé-ti (denominative)
- Proto-Germanic: *þebōną (see there for further descendants)
*tep-sḱé-ti (inchoative)^[1] (or created in Proto-Iranian)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tapsćáti
  - Proto-Iranian: *tafšáti
    - Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬟𐬯𐬀𐬝 (tafsat̰)
    - Khotanese: ttaus-
    - Ossetian:
      Digor: тӕфсун (tæfsun)
      
      Iron: тӕфсы́н (tæfsýn)
    - Persian: تفسیدن (tafsidan)
*tḗp-s-t ~ *tép-s-n̥t (s-aorist)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hátāpst
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hátāpst
    - Sanskrit: अताप्सीत् (átāpsīt)
*top-éye-ti (causative)^[1]^[5]^[5]
*tep-e-nt-s (root present participle)^[6]
- Proto-Celtic: *teɸents
  - Old Irish: té
    - Irish: te
    - Manx: çheh
    - Scottish Gaelic: teth
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tapanti (possibly)
  - Proto-Iranian: *tapantī- f (“warming”)^[7]
    - Proto-Scythian: *tavitī-
      - → Ancient Greek: Ταβιτί (Tabití, “a Scythian goddess, equivalent of Hestia”)
- Proto-Italic: *tepēnts (present participle to *tepēō)
  - Latin: tepēns
*tep-los
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *teplas
  - Proto-Slavic: *teplъ, *toplъ^[8] (see there for further descendants)
*tep-net-s^? (or *tep-n-ḗs; influenced by *tepents (cf. above) as if from metathesis)
- Proto-Celtic: *teɸnets (see there for further descendants)
*tép-os ~ *tép-es-os^[3]
*tép-s-tu-s^[6]
- Proto-Celtic: *texstus
  - (perhaps) Continental Celtic:
    - Gaulish:
      - → Latin: Tessi-gnius
    - Lepontic: 𐌀𐌑𐌄𐌑- (aśeś-)
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Old Breton: a tes
      - Breton: tes
    - Old Cornish: tes
    - Middle Welsh: tes
      - Welsh: tes
  - Old Irish: tess
    - Irish: teas
    - Manx: çhiass
    - Scottish Gaelic: teas
*tep-tó-s (past participle)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *taptás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *taptás
    - Sanskrit: तप्त (taptá)^[9]
  - Proto-Iranian: *taftáh^[7]
    - Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬟𐬙𐬀 (tafta)
    - Bactrian: ταβδο (tabdo), ταβαδο (tabado)
    - Khotanese: ttauda-
    - Ossetian:
      Ossetian: тӕвдӕ (tævdæ)
      
      Ossetian: тӕвд (tævd)
    - Parthian:
      Parthian: tft (taft)
    - Pashto: تود (tod), توده f (tavdá)
    - Persian: تفت (taft)
    - Sogdian:
      Christian: ܬܒܬܐܟ (tβtʾk)
    - → Old Armenian: տաւթ (tawtʻ)

Unsorted formations

(perhaps) Proto-Tocharian:
- Tocharian B: tāpce (“hot”)
>? Proto-Celtic:
- Proto-Brythonic:
  - Welsh: tampr (“taper; torch”)
- Irish: tapar (“taper, candle”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 629-630
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 378–379
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “tepeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 614
^ Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “ftoh”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 173
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*topìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 375
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Abajev, V. I. (1979), Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 236–237, 283
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*teplъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 490
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956), Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[2] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 477

Proto-Indo-European

Root

Derived terms

References

Further reading