تاب

See also: تأب, تأت, پاپ, باب, بات, باپ, and ثاب

Arabic

Root
ت و ب (t w b)
4 terms

Etymology

Denominal verb of تَوْبَة (tawba). Doublet of ثَابَ (ṯāba).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /taː.ba/

Verb

تَابَ • (tāba) I (non-past يَتُوبُ (yatūbu), verbal noun تَوْب (tawb) or تَوْبَة (tawba) or مَتَاب (matāb))

1. to repent, to be penitent [with إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘to God’, along with عَنْ (ʕan) or مِنْ (min) ‘of a sin’]

   Synonyms: ثَابَ (ṯāba), رَجَعَ (rajaʕa), آبَ (ʔāba), أَنَابَ (ʔanāba), نَابَ (nāba)

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 7:143:

     فَلَمَّآ أَفَاقَ قَالَ سُبۡحَـٰنَكَ تُبۡتُ إِلَيۡكَ وَأَنَا۠ أَوَّلُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ

     falammā ʔafāqa qāla subḥānaka tubtu ʔilayka waʔana ʔawwalu l-muʔminīna

     And when he (Moses) awoke, he said: "Exalted are You! I have repented to You, and I am the first of believers!"

2. to accept repentance [with عَلَى (ʕalā)]
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 4:17:

     إِنَّمَا ٱلتَّوْبَةُ عَلَى اللَّهِ لِلَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ ٱلسُّوءَ بِجَهَالَةٍ ثُمَّ يَتُوبُونَ مِن قَرِيبٍ فَأُولَٰئِكَ يَتُوبُ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا

     ʔinnamā t-tawbatu ʕalā l-lahi lillaḏīna yaʕmalūna s-sūʔa bijahālatin ṯumma yatūbūna min qarībin faʔūlāʔika yatūbu l-lahu ʕalayhim wakāna l-lahu ʕalīman ḥakīman

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

Conjugation of تَابَ (I, hollow, a ~ u, impersonal passive, verbal nouns تَوْب, تَوْبَة, مَتَاب)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَوْب, تَوْبَة, مَتَاب tawb, tawba, matāb
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						تَائِب tāʔib
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَتُوب matūb
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تُبْتُ tubtu	تُبْتَ tubta	تَابَ tāba		تُبْتُمَا tubtumā	تَابَا tābā		تُبْنَا tubnā	تُبْتُمْ tubtum	تَابُوا tābū
	f		تُبْتِ tubti	تَابَتْ tābat			تَابَتَا tābatā			تُبْتُنَّ tubtunna	تُبْنَ tubna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَتُوبُ ʔatūbu	تَتُوبُ tatūbu	يَتُوبُ yatūbu		تَتُوبَانِ tatūbāni	يَتُوبَانِ yatūbāni		نَتُوبُ natūbu	تَتُوبُونَ tatūbūna	يَتُوبُونَ yatūbūna
	f		تَتُوبِينَ tatūbīna	تَتُوبُ tatūbu			تَتُوبَانِ tatūbāni			تَتُبْنَ tatubna	يَتُبْنَ yatubna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَتُوبَ ʔatūba	تَتُوبَ tatūba	يَتُوبَ yatūba		تَتُوبَا tatūbā	يَتُوبَا yatūbā		نَتُوبَ natūba	تَتُوبُوا tatūbū	يَتُوبُوا yatūbū
	f		تَتُوبِي tatūbī	تَتُوبَ tatūba			تَتُوبَا tatūbā			تَتُبْنَ tatubna	يَتُبْنَ yatubna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَتُبْ ʔatub	تَتُبْ tatub	يَتُبْ yatub		تَتُوبَا tatūbā	يَتُوبَا yatūbā		نَتُبْ natub	تَتُوبُوا tatūbū	يَتُوبُوا yatūbū
	f		تَتُوبِي tatūbī	تَتُبْ tatub			تَتُوبَا tatūbā			تَتُبْنَ tatubna	يَتُبْنَ yatubna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		تُبْ tub			تُوبَا tūbā				تُوبُوا tūbū
	f		تُوبِي tūbī							تُبْنَ tubna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	تِيبَ tība		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُتَابُ yutābu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُتَابَ yutāba		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُتَبْ yutab		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Derived terms

• تَوَّاب (tawwāb)

Persian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Iranian *tāp-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tāpás, from Proto-Indo-European *tep-.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [taːβ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰɑːb]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰɑːb]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰɑːw]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäw]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰɒːb̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰɔb]

Readings
Classical reading?	tāḇ
Dari reading?	tāb
Iranian reading?	tâb
Tajik reading?	tob

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Verb

تاب • (tâb)

1. present stem form of تافتن (tâftan, “to glow, to be warm”)

Noun

Dari	تاب
Iranian Persian
Tajik	тоб

تاب • (tâb)

1. heat, warmth
2. glow, radiance
3. burning, illumination

Related terms

• آفتاب (âftâb, “sun, sunlight”)
• تابه (tâbe, “frying pan”)
• تب (tab, “fever”)
• مهتاب (mahtâb, “moonlight”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Iranian *tāp-, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *temp-, extended form of *ten- (“to stretch”).

Verb

تاب • (tâb)

1. present stem form of تافتن (tâftan, “to twist, to turn away”)

Noun

تاب • (tâb)

1. swing (hanging seat)
2. (poetic) curly lock of hair

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

Dari	تاب
Iranian Persian
Tajik	тоб

تاب • (tâb)

1. strength, ability
   • c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 216:

     گفت و گوی او کنم تا صبح هر شب در خیال
     تاب وصلش چون ندارم از خیال خود خوشم

     guft u gō-yi ō kunam tā subh har šab dar xayāl
     tāb-i waslaš čūn na-dāram az xayāl-i xwad xwašam

     Every night, I converse with her until dawn in my dreams;
     As I do not have the strength to meet her, I am pleased with my dreams.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

Further reading

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “تاب”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul