توبة

See also: بوته and توبہ

Arabic

Etymology

Borrowed before Islam from Aramaic תְּתוּבְתָּא (tǝṯūḇtā) in the Judaic circle. Forms doublets of the forms under the Arabic root ث و ب (ṯ w b) related to returning.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /taw.ba/
  • (Kuwait, Persian Gulf) IPA^(key): /ˈto.bɐ/

Noun

تَوْبَة • (tawba) f

1. verbal noun of تَابَ (tāba) (form I)
2. instance noun of تَابَ (tāba)
   • Al-Nawawi

     ولو تاب عن الجميع توبة واحدة بعد جميعها صحت توبته

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. repentance
   • Mark 1:4, Van Dyck version

     كان يوحنا يعمد في البرية ويكرز بمعمودية التوبة لمغفرة الخطايا.

     John baptized in the wilderness, and preached the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins.

Declension

Declension of noun تَوْبَة (tawba)

singular	singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	تَوْبَة tawba	التَّوْبَة at-tawba	تَوْبَة tawbat
nominative	تَوْبَةٌ tawbatun	التَّوْبَةُ at-tawbatu	تَوْبَةُ tawbatu
accusative	تَوْبَةً tawbatan	التَّوْبَةَ at-tawbata	تَوْبَةَ tawbata
genitive	تَوْبَةٍ tawbatin	التَّوْبَةِ at-tawbati	تَوْبَةِ tawbati

Derived terms

• تَابَ (tāba, “to repent”)
• تَوَّبَ (tawwaba, “to make repentant”)
• اِسْتَتَابَ (istatāba, “to propose that he repent”)
• تَوَّاب (tawwāb, “repentant”)

Descendants

• Maltese: tewba
• → Armenian: թոբա (tʻoba), թեբա (tʻeba), թուբա (tʻuba)
• → Azerbaijani: tövbə
• → Bashkir: тәүбә (təwbə)
• → Hausa: tuba
• → Northern Kurdish: tobe
• → Ottoman Turkish: توبه (tevbe)
  • Turkish: tövbe, töbe
• → Classical Persian: توبه (tawba), توبة (tawbat / towbat) (Classical Persian, archaic)
  • → Gujarati: તવબા (tavbā), તોબા (tobā), તૌબા (taubā)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: तौबा (taubā)

    Urdu: تَوبَہ (tauba)

• → Swahili: toba, kitubio
• → Turkmen: toba
• → Yoruba: túḿbá
• → Uyghur: توۋا (towa)
• → Uzbek: tavba

References

• Ahrens, Karl (1930), “Christliches im Qoran. Eine Nachlese”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[1] (in German), volume 84, page 27
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1880), De vocabulis in antiquis Arabum carminibus et in Corano peregrinis‎^[2] (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, →DOI, page 22

Egyptian Arabic

Root
ت و ب
1 term

Etymology

Semi-learned borrowing from Arabic تَوْبَة (tawba).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /toː.ba/, [toːbæ]

Noun

توبة • (tōba) f (plural توبات (tobāt))

1. repentance

Adverb

توبة • (tōba)

1. never

Persian

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /taw.ˈbat/, /taw.ˈba/

Readings
Classical reading?	tawbát, tawbá

Noun

توبة • (tawbat or tawba) (Classical Persian)

1. archaic form of توبه

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ت و ب
3 terms

ثوبة فلسطينية – Palestinian thobe

Alternative forms

• ثوبة (ṯōbe)

Etymology

From Arabic ثَوْبَة (ṯawba).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /toː.be/, [ˈtoː.be]
• IPA^(key): /toː.ba/, [ˈtoː.ba]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

توبة • (tōbe) f (singulative, collective توب m (tōb), paucal أتواب (ʔatwāb), plural تياب (tyāb))

1. a garment, dress, robe

   Synonym: فستان (fustān)

Noun

توبة • (tōbe) f (plural أتواب (ʔatwāb))

1. thobe (an ankle-length robe with long sleeves traditionally worn by Palestinian women)