تبن

See also: بتن and تثن

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ب ن (b n)
1 term

Noun

تَبَنٍّ • (tabannin) m (construct state تَبَنِّي (tabannī))

1. verbal noun of تَبَنَّى (tabannā) (form V)
2. adoption

Declension

Declension of noun تَبَنٍّ (tabannin)

Singular	singular triptote in ـٍ (-in)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تَبَنِّي tabannī	التَّبَنِّي at-tabannī	تَبَنِّي tabannī
Nominative	تَبَنٍّ tabannin	التَّبَنِّي at-tabannī	تَبَنِّي tabannī
Accusative	تَبَنِّيًا tabanniyan	التَّبَنِّيَ at-tabanniya	تَبَنِّيَ tabanniya
Genitive	تَبَنٍّ tabannin	التَّبَنِّي at-tabannī	تَبَنِّي tabannī

Etymology 2.1

Likely borrowed from Aramaic תִּבְנָא / ܬܒܢܐ (teḇnā, “straw”), which is suspected mainly because of the varying vocalization, and also because this root is underdeveloped or it has the unrelated meaning of a “bowl”. The Aramaic might in turn come from Akkadian 𒅔𒉡𒁕 (/⁠tibnu⁠/, “straw”) but can likewise be cognate. Else the word is only present in Hebrew תֶּבֶן (teḇen, “straw”), in which language there is nothing to relate to either.

Noun

تِبْن or تَبْن • (tibn or tabn) m (collective, plural أَتْبَان (ʔatbān))

1. straw; hay

Declension

Declension of noun تِبْن (tibn)‎; تَبْن (tabn)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تِبْن‎; تَبْن tibn‎; tabn	التِّبْن‎; التَّبْن at-tibn‎; at-tabn	تِبْن‎; تَبْن tibn‎; tabn
Nominative	تِبْنٌ‎; تَبْنٌ tibnun‎; tabnun	التِّبْنُ‎; التَّبْنُ at-tibnu‎; at-tabnu	تِبْنُ‎; تَبْنُ tibnu‎; tabnu
Accusative	تِبْنًا‎; تَبْنًا tibnan‎; tabnan	التِّبْنَ‎; التَّبْنَ at-tibna‎; at-tabna	تِبْنَ‎; تَبْنَ tibna‎; tabna
Genitive	تِبْنٍ‎; تَبْنٍ tibnin‎; tabnin	التِّبْنِ‎; التَّبْنِ at-tibni‎; at-tabni	تِبْنِ‎; تَبْنِ tibni‎; tabni
Plural of variety	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَتْبَان ʔatbān	الْأَتْبَان al-ʔatbān	أَتْبَان ʔatbān
Nominative	أَتْبَانٌ ʔatbānun	الْأَتْبَانُ al-ʔatbānu	أَتْبَانُ ʔatbānu
Accusative	أَتْبَانًا ʔatbānan	الْأَتْبَانَ al-ʔatbāna	أَتْبَانَ ʔatbāna
Genitive	أَتْبَانٍ ʔatbānin	الْأَتْبَانِ al-ʔatbāni	أَتْبَانِ ʔatbāni

Derived terms

• تِبْنِيّ (tibniyy, “straw-related; straw-coloured”)
• تَبَّان (tabbān, “straw vendor”)
• مَتْبَن (matban, “place where the straw is stacked”)
• تَبَنَ (tabana, “to give straw to”)
• تَبَّنَ (tabbana, “to feed straw to; to bung, to cork”)
• تَتَبَّنَ (tatabbana, “to be bunged, to be corked”)

Etymology 2.2

Denominal verb of تِبْن (tibn, “straw”). In the “to bung” sense allegedly motivated by Spanish taponar.

Verb

تَبَنَ • (tabana) I (non-past يَتْبِنُ (yatbinu), verbal noun تَبْن (tabn))

1. to give straw to, to feed with straw; to sell straw

Conjugation

    Conjugation of تَبَنَ (I, sound, a ~ i, full passive (?), verbal noun تَبْن)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَبْن tabn
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						تَابِن tābin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَتْبُون matbūn
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تَبَنْتُ tabantu	تَبَنْتَ tabanta	تَبَنَ tabana		تَبَنْتُمَا tabantumā	تَبَنَا tabanā		تَبَنَّا tabannā	تَبَنْتُمْ tabantum	تَبَنُوا tabanū
	f		تَبَنْتِ tabanti	تَبَنَتْ tabanat			تَبَنَتَا tabanatā			تَبَنْتُنَّ tabantunna	تَبَنَّ tabanna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَتْبِنُ ʔatbinu	تَتْبِنُ tatbinu	يَتْبِنُ yatbinu		تَتْبِنَانِ tatbināni	يَتْبِنَانِ yatbināni		نَتْبِنُ natbinu	تَتْبِنُونَ tatbinūna	يَتْبِنُونَ yatbinūna
	f		تَتْبِنِينَ tatbinīna	تَتْبِنُ tatbinu			تَتْبِنَانِ tatbināni			تَتْبِنَّ tatbinna	يَتْبِنَّ yatbinna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَتْبِنَ ʔatbina	تَتْبِنَ tatbina	يَتْبِنَ yatbina		تَتْبِنَا tatbinā	يَتْبِنَا yatbinā		نَتْبِنَ natbina	تَتْبِنُوا tatbinū	يَتْبِنُوا yatbinū
	f		تَتْبِنِي tatbinī	تَتْبِنَ tatbina			تَتْبِنَا tatbinā			تَتْبِنَّ tatbinna	يَتْبِنَّ yatbinna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَتْبِنْ ʔatbin	تَتْبِنْ tatbin	يَتْبِنْ yatbin		تَتْبِنَا tatbinā	يَتْبِنَا yatbinā		نَتْبِنْ natbin	تَتْبِنُوا tatbinū	يَتْبِنُوا yatbinū
	f		تَتْبِنِي tatbinī	تَتْبِنْ tatbin			تَتْبِنَا tatbinā			تَتْبِنَّ tatbinna	يَتْبِنَّ yatbinna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِتْبِنْ itbin			اِتْبِنَا itbinā				اِتْبِنُوا itbinū
	f		اِتْبِنِي itbinī							اِتْبِنَّ itbinna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تُبِنْتُ tubintu	تُبِنْتَ tubinta	تُبِنَ tubina		تُبِنْتُمَا tubintumā	تُبِنَا tubinā		تُبِنَّا tubinnā	تُبِنْتُمْ tubintum	تُبِنُوا tubinū
	f		تُبِنْتِ tubinti	تُبِنَتْ tubinat			تُبِنَتَا tubinatā			تُبِنْتُنَّ tubintunna	تُبِنَّ tubinna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُتْبَنُ ʔutbanu	تُتْبَنُ tutbanu	يُتْبَنُ yutbanu		تُتْبَنَانِ tutbanāni	يُتْبَنَانِ yutbanāni		نُتْبَنُ nutbanu	تُتْبَنُونَ tutbanūna	يُتْبَنُونَ yutbanūna
	f		تُتْبَنِينَ tutbanīna	تُتْبَنُ tutbanu			تُتْبَنَانِ tutbanāni			تُتْبَنَّ tutbanna	يُتْبَنَّ yutbanna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُتْبَنَ ʔutbana	تُتْبَنَ tutbana	يُتْبَنَ yutbana		تُتْبَنَا tutbanā	يُتْبَنَا yutbanā		نُتْبَنَ nutbana	تُتْبَنُوا tutbanū	يُتْبَنُوا yutbanū
	f		تُتْبَنِي tutbanī	تُتْبَنَ tutbana			تُتْبَنَا tutbanā			تُتْبَنَّ tutbanna	يُتْبَنَّ yutbanna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُتْبَنْ ʔutban	تُتْبَنْ tutban	يُتْبَنْ yutban		تُتْبَنَا tutbanā	يُتْبَنَا yutbanā		نُتْبَنْ nutban	تُتْبَنُوا tutbanū	يُتْبَنُوا yutbanū
	f		تُتْبَنِي tutbanī	تُتْبَنْ tutban			تُتْبَنَا tutbanā			تُتْبَنَّ tutbanna	يُتْبَنَّ yutbanna

Etymology 2.3

Verb

تَبَّنَ • (tabbana) II (non-past يُتَبِّنُ (yutabbinu), verbal noun تَتْبِين (tatbīn))

1. to feed with straw
2. to bung, to cork

Conjugation

    Conjugation of تَبَّنَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَتْبِين)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَتْبِين tatbīn
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُتَبِّن mutabbin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُتَبَّن mutabban
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تَبَّنْتُ tabbantu	تَبَّنْتَ tabbanta	تَبَّنَ tabbana		تَبَّنْتُمَا tabbantumā	تَبَّنَا tabbanā		تَبَّنَّا tabbannā	تَبَّنْتُمْ tabbantum	تَبَّنُوا tabbanū
	f		تَبَّنْتِ tabbanti	تَبَّنَتْ tabbanat			تَبَّنَتَا tabbanatā			تَبَّنْتُنَّ tabbantunna	تَبَّنَّ tabbanna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُتَبِّنُ ʔutabbinu	تُتَبِّنُ tutabbinu	يُتَبِّنُ yutabbinu		تُتَبِّنَانِ tutabbināni	يُتَبِّنَانِ yutabbināni		نُتَبِّنُ nutabbinu	تُتَبِّنُونَ tutabbinūna	يُتَبِّنُونَ yutabbinūna
	f		تُتَبِّنِينَ tutabbinīna	تُتَبِّنُ tutabbinu			تُتَبِّنَانِ tutabbināni			تُتَبِّنَّ tutabbinna	يُتَبِّنَّ yutabbinna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُتَبِّنَ ʔutabbina	تُتَبِّنَ tutabbina	يُتَبِّنَ yutabbina		تُتَبِّنَا tutabbinā	يُتَبِّنَا yutabbinā		نُتَبِّنَ nutabbina	تُتَبِّنُوا tutabbinū	يُتَبِّنُوا yutabbinū
	f		تُتَبِّنِي tutabbinī	تُتَبِّنَ tutabbina			تُتَبِّنَا tutabbinā			تُتَبِّنَّ tutabbinna	يُتَبِّنَّ yutabbinna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُتَبِّنْ ʔutabbin	تُتَبِّنْ tutabbin	يُتَبِّنْ yutabbin		تُتَبِّنَا tutabbinā	يُتَبِّنَا yutabbinā		نُتَبِّنْ nutabbin	تُتَبِّنُوا tutabbinū	يُتَبِّنُوا yutabbinū
	f		تُتَبِّنِي tutabbinī	تُتَبِّنْ tutabbin			تُتَبِّنَا tutabbinā			تُتَبِّنَّ tutabbinna	يُتَبِّنَّ yutabbinna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		تَبِّنْ tabbin			تَبِّنَا tabbinā				تَبِّنُوا tabbinū
	f		تَبِّنِي tabbinī							تَبِّنَّ tabbinna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تُبِّنْتُ tubbintu	تُبِّنْتَ tubbinta	تُبِّنَ tubbina		تُبِّنْتُمَا tubbintumā	تُبِّنَا tubbinā		تُبِّنَّا tubbinnā	تُبِّنْتُمْ tubbintum	تُبِّنُوا tubbinū
	f		تُبِّنْتِ tubbinti	تُبِّنَتْ tubbinat			تُبِّنَتَا tubbinatā			تُبِّنْتُنَّ tubbintunna	تُبِّنَّ tubbinna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُتَبَّنُ ʔutabbanu	تُتَبَّنُ tutabbanu	يُتَبَّنُ yutabbanu		تُتَبَّنَانِ tutabbanāni	يُتَبَّنَانِ yutabbanāni		نُتَبَّنُ nutabbanu	تُتَبَّنُونَ tutabbanūna	يُتَبَّنُونَ yutabbanūna
	f		تُتَبَّنِينَ tutabbanīna	تُتَبَّنُ tutabbanu			تُتَبَّنَانِ tutabbanāni			تُتَبَّنَّ tutabbanna	يُتَبَّنَّ yutabbanna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُتَبَّنَ ʔutabbana	تُتَبَّنَ tutabbana	يُتَبَّنَ yutabbana		تُتَبَّنَا tutabbanā	يُتَبَّنَا yutabbanā		نُتَبَّنَ nutabbana	تُتَبَّنُوا tutabbanū	يُتَبَّنُوا yutabbanū
	f		تُتَبَّنِي tutabbanī	تُتَبَّنَ tutabbana			تُتَبَّنَا tutabbanā			تُتَبَّنَّ tutabbanna	يُتَبَّنَّ yutabbanna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُتَبَّنْ ʔutabban	تُتَبَّنْ tutabban	يُتَبَّنْ yutabban		تُتَبَّنَا tutabbanā	يُتَبَّنَا yutabbanā		نُتَبَّنْ nutabban	تُتَبَّنُوا tutabbanū	يُتَبَّنُوا yutabbanū
	f		تُتَبَّنِي tutabbanī	تُتَبَّنْ tutabban			تُتَبَّنَا tutabbanā			تُتَبَّنَّ tutabbanna	يُتَبَّنَّ yutabbanna

Etymology 2.4

Noun

تَبْن • (tabn) m

1. verbal noun of تَبَنَ (tabana, “to give straw to”)

Declension

Declension of noun تَبْن (tabn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تَبْن tabn	التَّبْن at-tabn	تَبْن tabn
Nominative	تَبْنٌ tabnun	التَّبْنُ at-tabnu	تَبْنُ tabnu
Accusative	تَبْنًا tabnan	التَّبْنَ at-tabna	تَبْنَ tabna
Genitive	تَبْنٍ tabnin	التَّبْنِ at-tabni	تَبْنِ tabni

Etymology 2

Uncertain with possible connection to Akkadian 𒋰𒉌𒌈 (/⁠tabnītu⁠/, “an offering basket, a place to deposit tribute to a ruler or offerings before deities”, literally “well-arranged, well-made or constructed”) and Akkadian 𒁀𒀀𒉡 (/⁠bānu⁠/, “a ewer, vessel that fills up other vessels”, literally “that which does what it was made for; a by-name for a ewer in ritual texts”), therefore distantly being connected to ب ن ي (b-n-y).

Noun

تِبْن • (tibn) m

1. a great bowl that can satisfy the thirst of twenty, a vessel used to fill drinking cups
2. a generous chieftain, one who gives large amounts
3. a wolf for its thirst for blood being likened to a great vessel's amount

Declension

Declension of noun تِبْن (tibn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تِبْن tibn	التِّبْن at-tibn	تِبْن tibn
Nominative	تِبْنٌ tibnun	التِّبْنُ at-tibnu	تِبْنُ tibnu
Accusative	تِبْنًا tibnan	التِّبْنَ at-tibna	تِبْنَ tibna
Genitive	تِبْنٍ tibnin	التِّبْنِ at-tibni	تِبْنِ tibni

Etymology 4.1

Like the more productive root ط ب ن (ṭ-b-n), from which there is with the like meanings طَبِنَ (ṭabina) and طَبِن (ṭabin).

Verb

تَبِنَ • (tabina) I (non-past يَتْبَنُ (yatbanu), verbal noun تَبَن (taban) or تَبَانَة (tabāna))

1. to be sagacious, to be callid, to be skillful in knowing, to be minute in inspection

Conjugation

    Conjugation of تَبِنَ (I, sound, i ~ a, no passive, verbal nouns تَبَن, تَبَانَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَبَن, تَبَانَة taban, tabāna
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						تَبِن tabin
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تَبِنْتُ tabintu	تَبِنْتَ tabinta	تَبِنَ tabina		تَبِنْتُمَا tabintumā	تَبِنَا tabinā		تَبِنَّا tabinnā	تَبِنْتُمْ tabintum	تَبِنُوا tabinū
	f		تَبِنْتِ tabinti	تَبِنَتْ tabinat			تَبِنَتَا tabinatā			تَبِنْتُنَّ tabintunna	تَبِنَّ tabinna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَتْبَنُ ʔatbanu	تَتْبَنُ tatbanu	يَتْبَنُ yatbanu		تَتْبَنَانِ tatbanāni	يَتْبَنَانِ yatbanāni		نَتْبَنُ natbanu	تَتْبَنُونَ tatbanūna	يَتْبَنُونَ yatbanūna
	f		تَتْبَنِينَ tatbanīna	تَتْبَنُ tatbanu			تَتْبَنَانِ tatbanāni			تَتْبَنَّ tatbanna	يَتْبَنَّ yatbanna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَتْبَنَ ʔatbana	تَتْبَنَ tatbana	يَتْبَنَ yatbana		تَتْبَنَا tatbanā	يَتْبَنَا yatbanā		نَتْبَنَ natbana	تَتْبَنُوا tatbanū	يَتْبَنُوا yatbanū
	f		تَتْبَنِي tatbanī	تَتْبَنَ tatbana			تَتْبَنَا tatbanā			تَتْبَنَّ tatbanna	يَتْبَنَّ yatbanna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَتْبَنْ ʔatban	تَتْبَنْ tatban	يَتْبَنْ yatban		تَتْبَنَا tatbanā	يَتْبَنَا yatbanā		نَتْبَنْ natban	تَتْبَنُوا tatbanū	يَتْبَنُوا yatbanū
	f		تَتْبَنِي tatbanī	تَتْبَنْ tatban			تَتْبَنَا tatbanā			تَتْبَنَّ tatbanna	يَتْبَنَّ yatbanna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِتْبَنْ itban			اِتْبَنَا itbanā				اِتْبَنُوا itbanū
	f		اِتْبَنِي itbanī							اِتْبَنَّ itbanna

Etymology 4.2

Adjective

تَبِن • (tabin)

1. intelligent, callid, sagacious, skillful in knowing, minute in inspection

Declension

Declension of noun تَبِن (tabin)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تَبِن tabin	التَّبِن at-tabin	تَبِن tabin
Nominative	تَبِنٌ tabinun	التَّبِنُ at-tabinu	تَبِنُ tabinu
Accusative	تَبِنًا tabinan	التَّبِنَ at-tabina	تَبِنَ tabina
Genitive	تَبِنٍ tabinin	التَّبِنِ at-tabini	تَبِنِ tabini

Etymology 4.3

Noun

تَبَن • (taban) m

1. verbal noun of تَبِنَ (tabina, “to be callid”)

Declension

Declension of noun تَبَن (taban)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تَبَن taban	التَّبَن at-taban	تَبَن taban
Nominative	تَبَنٌ tabanun	التَّبَنُ at-tabanu	تَبَنُ tabanu
Accusative	تَبَنًا tabanan	التَّبَنَ at-tabana	تَبَنَ tabana
Genitive	تَبَنٍ tabanin	التَّبَنِ at-tabani	تَبَنِ tabani

Etymology 3

Verb

تبن (form I)

1. تَبِنَّ (tabinna) /ta.bin.na/: second-person feminine plural non-past active indicative/subjunctive/jussive of بَانَ (bāna)
2. تَبِنْ (tabin) /ta.bin/: inflection of بَانَ (bāna):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive

Etymology 4

Verb

تبن (form I)

1. تَبْنِ (tabni) /tab.ni/: inflection of بَنَى (banā):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive
2. تُبْنَ (tubna) /tub.na/: inflection of بَنَى (banā):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past passive jussive

Etymology 5

Verb

تُبْنَ • (tubna) (form I) /tub.na/

1. inflection of تَابَ (tāba):
   1. third-person feminine plural past active
   2. second-person feminine plural imperative

References

• Aro, Jussi (1963) “Gemeinsemitische Ackerbauterminologie”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (in German), volume 113, page 478
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “تبن”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 141
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 124
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “تبن”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 185
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “تبن”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 192
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “تبن”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[4], London: Williams & Norgate, page 297
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “تبن”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[5] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 135
• Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 41