Reconstruction:Old Median/ganǰam

This Old Median entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Old Median

Etymology

Uncertain, though cognate with Parthian 𐫃𐫗𐫉 (gnz /⁠ganj⁠/), 𐫃𐫉𐫗 (gzn /⁠gajn⁠/, “treasure”), Khwarezmian 𐾳𐾸𐾴𐾻 (ɣzdk, “rich”), Digor Ossetian гъӕздӕ (ǧæzdæ, “wealth”), Sogdian 𐼲𐼵𐼻 (ɣzn, “treasure”), Wakhi [script needed] (ɣ̌anʓ), Munji [script needed] (γónʓo, “pantry”), Persian (“Ghazni”), Sanglechi [script needed] (yåzd). See also Arabic خَزِينَة (ḵazīna, “treasury”) apparently from a cognate Iranian stock.^[1]

Noun

*ganǰam n^[2]^[3]

treasure, wealth

Derived terms

*ganǰabarah

Descendants

Middle Median: *ganǰ
- Kermanic: ganj (Jowshaqani)
- → Middle Persian: (/⁠ganj⁠/)
  Manichaean script: 𐫃𐫗𐫉 (gnz)
  
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gnc)
  - Bakhtiari: گنج (ganj)
  - Classical Persian: گنج (ganj)
    - Persian: گنج (ganj)
    - Tajik: ганҷ (ganj)
    - → Bengali: গঞ্জ (gonj)
    - → Hindi: गंज (gañj)
    - → Kurdish:^[4]
      Northern Kurdish: genc
      
      Central Kurdish: گەنج (genc)
    - → Pashto: گنج (ganj)
  - → Old Armenian: գանձ (ganj) (see there for further descendants)
  - → Ancient Greek: γάζα (gáza) (see there for further descendants)
→ Late Babylonian: 𒋡𒀭𒍝 (ka₄-an-za /⁠kanza⁠/), 𒋡𒅔𒍝𒌝 (ka₄-in-za-um /⁠kainzaum⁠/), 𒃷𒍝𒌝 (kán-za-um /⁠kanzaum⁠/)
→ Aramaic:
Imperial Aramaic: 𐡂𐡍𐡆𐡀 (gnzʾ /⁠ganzā⁠/)

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: גַּזּא (gazzā), גּיזָּא (gizzā)

Classical Syriac: ܓܙܐ (gazzā), ܓܢܙܐ (ganzā)

Mandaic: ࡂࡉࡍࡆࡀ (ginza)
- → Arabic: كَنْز (kanz)
  - → Northern Kurdish: kenz
  - → Portuguese: alcanzia
  - → Spanish: alcancía (see there for further descendants)
- → Hebrew: גְּנָזִים (gənāzī́m)
→ Hungarian: kincs (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007), “*gazna-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 258
^ Tavernier, Jan (2007), “*Ganza-”, in Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 443
^ Hinz, Walther (1975), “*ganza-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎^[1] (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 102
^ Cabolov, R. L. (2001), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 369