Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/jí-

This Proto-Bantu entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Bantu

Prefix

*jí-

1. Class 10 pronominal concord.
2. Class 10 subject concord.
3. Class 10 object concord.

Descendants

• Great Lakes Bantu:
  • Luganda (J15): zi-
  • Tooro (J12): zi- (“subject concord”), -zi- (“object concord”)

• Nyasa:
  • Tumbuka (N21): zi- (“subject concord”), -zi- (“object concord”)
  • Chichewa (N31): zi- (“subject concord”), -zi- (“object concord”)

• Rufiji-Ruvuma:
  • Ruvuma:
    • Yao (Africa) (P21): si- (“subject concord”), -si- (“object concord”)

• Shona:
  • Shona (S10): zvi-

• Southern Bantu:
  • Nguni:
    • Northern Ndebele (S44): zi-
    • Phuthi (S404): ti-
    • Swazi (S43): ti-
    • Xhosa (S41): zi-
    • Zulu (S42): zi-
  • Sotho-Tswana:
    • Sotho (S33): di-