Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/landā

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ln̥dʰ-éh₂^[1], from *léndʰ-s ~ *ln̥dʰ-és, from *lendʰ- (“land, heath”).^[2] Cognate with Proto-Germanic *lundaz (“grove”) (whence Old Norse lundr), Proto-Germanic *landą (“land”), and Proto-Slavic *lędo (“uncultivated land”).

Noun

*landā f^[2]^[3]^[1]^[4]

(open) land, space

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*landā	*landai	*landās
vocative	*landā	*landai	*landās
accusative	*landam	*landai	*landāns
genitive	*landās	*landous	*landom
dative	*landāi	*landābom	*landābos
locative	*landai	*?	*?
instrumental	*?	*landābim	*landābis

Derived terms

*ɸitulandā

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *llann
- Middle Breton: lann
- Cornish: lann
- Old Welsh: lann
  - Middle Welsh: llann
    - Welsh: llan
Old Irish: lann
- Irish: lann
- Manx: lann
- Scottish Gaelic: lann
- ⇒ Middle Irish: -lann
  - Irish: -lann
  - Manx: -lan
  - Scottish Gaelic: -lann
Gaulish: *landā^[2]^[1]
- → Vulgar Latin: *landa^[1]
  - Old French: lande, launde
    - Middle French: lande
      - French: lande
        → English: lande
    - → Middle English: launde, lande, lawnde
      - English: lawn; laund
  - Italian: landa
  - Occitan: landa
  - Spanish: landa
    - → Basque: landa

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Schumacher, Stefan; Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004), Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Meid, →ISBN, page 125
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matasović, Ranko (2009), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages *landā–232
^ Peter C. H. Schrijver (1995), Studies in British Celtic Historical Phonology (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam; Atlanta, Ga.: Rodopi, page 139: “PCl. *landā”
^ McCone, Kim (1996), Towards a relative chronology of ancient and medieval Celtic sound change, Maynooth: Dept. of Old Irish, St. Patrick's College, →ISBN, page 112

[KPV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Schumacher, Stefan; Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004), Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Meid, →ISBN, page 125

[EDPC-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matasović, Ranko (2009), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages *landā–232

[3] Peter C. H. Schrijver (1995), Studies in British Celtic Historical Phonology (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam; Atlanta, Ga.: Rodopi, page 139: “PCl. *landā”

[4] McCone, Kim (1996), Towards a relative chronology of ancient and medieval Celtic sound change, Maynooth: Dept. of Old Irish, St. Patrick's College, →ISBN, page 112

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