Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/loukos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *lewkós, from *lewk-.

Adjective

*loukos

1. white

Inflection

O/ā-stem

masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*lowkos	*lowkou	*lowkoi
vocative	*lowke	*lowkou	*lowkoi
accusative	*lowkom	*lowkou	*lowkons
genitive	*lowkī	*lowkous	*lowkom
dative	*lowkūi	*lowkobom	*lowkobos
instrumental	*lowkū	*lowkobim	*lowkobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*lowkā	*lowkai	*lowkās
vocative	*lowkā	*lowkai	*lowkās
accusative	*lowkam	*lowkai	*lowkans
genitive	*lowkās	*lowkous	*lowkom
dative	*lowkai	*lowkābom	*lowkābos
instrumental	*?	*lowkābim	*lowkābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*lowkom	*lowkou	*lowkā
vocative	*lowkom	*lowkou	*lowkā
accusative	*lowkom	*lowkou	*lowkā
genitive	*lowkī	*lowkous	*lowkom
dative	*lowkūi	*lowkobom	*lowkobos
instrumental	*lowkū	*lowkobim	*lowkobis

Declension of the comparative

masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*lowkyūs	*?	*lowkyoses
vocative	*lowkyūs	*?	*lowkyoses
accusative	*lowkyosam	*?	*lowkyosans
genitive	*lowkisos	*?	*lowkisom
dative	*lowkisei	*?	*lowkisbos
instrumental	*lowkisī	*?	*lowkisbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*lowkyūs	*?	*lowkyoses
vocative	*lowkyūs	*?	*lowkyoses
accusative	*lowkyosam	*?	*lowkyosans
genitive	*lowkisos	*?	*lowkisom
dative	*lowkisei	*?	*lowkisbos
instrumental	*lowkisī	*?	*lowkisbis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*lowkis	*?	*?
vocative	*lowkis	*?	*?
accusative	*lowkis	*?	*?
genitive	*lowkisos	*?	*lowkisom
dative	*lowkisei	*?	*lowkisbos
instrumental	*lowkisī	*?	*lowkisbis

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *llʉg
  • Middle Welsh: lluc
    • Welsh: llug m (“eyesight, perception”)
• Middle Irish: lóch (“bright”), lúach
• Gaulish: Leucus
• → Asturian: llugu, lluga
  • ⇒ Asturian: llugada, llugata
  • ⇒ Asturian: relluga, rellugu
• ⇒ Asturian: abellugu ^?

See also

Colors in Proto-Celtic · *līwoi (layout · text)

*bānos, *loukos, *windos	*ɸleitos, *blāros	*dubus
*roudos; *dergos	*dusnos	*blāwos, *melinos
	*glastos
		*gurmos

References

• Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*lowko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 245-246
• Celtic Lexicon - University of Wales