Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/windos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *windo-, nasal infix of Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”).^[1] However, Matasović refrains from assigning any etymology, only mentioning French vandoise (“dace, cub”), saying that it is itself probably a Gaulish borrowing.^[2] Other theories relating the Celtic to Proto-Germanic *wintruz (“winter”) are not very semantically convincing.^[3]

Adjective

*windos

white

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*windos	*windou	*windoi
vocative	*winde	*windou	*windoi
accusative	*windom	*windou	*windons
genitive	*windī	*windous	*windom
dative	*windūi	*windobom	*windobos
instrumental	*windū	*windobim	*windobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*windā	*windai	*windās
vocative	*windā	*windai	*windās
accusative	*windam	*windai	*windans
genitive	*windās	*windous	*windom
dative	*windai	*windābom	*windābos
instrumental	*?	*windābim	*windābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*windom	*windou	*windā
vocative	*windom	*windou	*windā
accusative	*windom	*windou	*windā
genitive	*windī	*windous	*windom
dative	*windūi	*windobom	*windobos
instrumental	*windū	*windobim	*windobis

Declension of the comparative
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*windyūs	*?	*windyoses
vocative	*windyūs	*?	*windyoses
accusative	*windyosam	*?	*windyosans
genitive	*windisos	*?	*windisom
dative	*windisei	*?	*windisbos
instrumental	*windisī	*?	*windisbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*windyūs	*?	*windyoses
vocative	*windyūs	*?	*windyoses
accusative	*windyosam	*?	*windyosans
genitive	*windisos	*?	*windisom
dative	*windisei	*?	*windisbos
instrumental	*windisī	*?	*windisbis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*windis	*?	*?
vocative	*windis	*?	*?
accusative	*windis	*?	*?
genitive	*windisos	*?	*windisom
dative	*windisei	*?	*windisbos
instrumental	*windisī	*?	*windisbis

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *gwɨnn
- Old Breton: guinn
  - Middle Breton: guinn
    - Breton: gwenn
- Old Cornish: guyn
  - Cornish: gwynn
- Middle Welsh: gwynn
  - Welsh: gwyn
Old Irish: find
- Middle Irish: finn
  - Irish: fionn
  - Manx: fynn
  - Scottish Gaelic: fionn
Gaulish: *windos
⇒ Galatian: Ούινδιεινος (Oúindieinos)
⇒ Gaulish: Vindonnus
⇒ Primitive Irish: ᚃᚓᚅᚇᚑᚌᚅᚔ (vendogni)

References

^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwyn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 423
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*wintru-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 588

[1] R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwyn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[2] Matasović, Ranko (2009), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 423

[3] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*wintru-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 588

[1]

[2]

[3]

bānos, loukos, *windos	ɸleitos, blāros	*dubus
roudos; dergos	*dusnos	blāwos, melinos
	*glastos
		*gurmos