Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ruteinos
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]According to Schaffner, from a -nos derivative of *rutis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂rew- (“to glow, shine”).[1]
Adjective
[edit]Inflection
[edit]| O/ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ruteinos | *ruteinou | *ruteinoi |
| vocative | *ruteine | *ruteinou | *ruteinoi |
| accusative | *ruteinom | *ruteinou | *ruteinoms |
| genitive | *ruteinī | *ruteinous | *ruteinom |
| dative | *ruteinūi | *ruteinobom | *ruteinobos |
| instrumental | *ruteinū | *ruteinobim | *ruteinobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ruteinā | *ruteinai | *ruteinās |
| vocative | *ruteinā | *ruteinai | *ruteinās |
| accusative | *ruteinam | *ruteinai | *ruteinams |
| genitive | *ruteinās | *ruteinous | *ruteinom |
| dative | *ruteinai | *ruteinābom | *ruteinābos |
| instrumental | *? | *ruteinābim | *ruteinābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ruteinom | *ruteinou | *ruteinā |
| vocative | *ruteinom | *ruteinou | *ruteinā |
| accusative | *ruteinom | *ruteinou | *ruteinā |
| genitive | *ruteinī | *ruteinous | *ruteinom |
| dative | *ruteinūi | *ruteinobom | *ruteinobos |
| instrumental | *ruteinū | *ruteinobim | *ruteinobis |
| Declension of the comparative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ruteinyūs | *? | *ruteinyoses |
| vocative | *ruteinyūs | *? | *ruteinyoses |
| accusative | *ruteinyosam | *? | *ruteinyosams |
| genitive | *ruteinisos | *? | *ruteinisom |
| dative | *ruteinisei | *? | *ruteinisbos |
| instrumental | *ruteinisī | *? | *ruteinisbis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ruteinyūs | *? | *ruteinyoses |
| vocative | *ruteinyūs | *? | *ruteinyoses |
| accusative | *ruteinyosam | *? | *ruteinyosams |
| genitive | *ruteinisos | *? | *ruteinisom |
| dative | *ruteinisei | *? | *ruteinisbos |
| instrumental | *ruteinisī | *? | *ruteinisbis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ruteinyos | *? | *ruteinyosa? |
| vocative | *ruteinyos | *? | *ruteinyosa? |
| accusative | *ruteinyos | *? | *ruteinyosa? |
| genitive | *ruteinisos | *? | *ruteinisom |
| dative | *ruteinisei | *? | *ruteinisbos |
| instrumental | *ruteinisī | *? | *ruteinisbis |
Reconstruction notes
[edit]The palatalization in Old Irish ruithen is irregular, as *e and *ei normally do not palatalize preceding consonants that are preceded by a non-front vowel. The word may have been reshaped to *rutinos in Goidelic, which should regularly yield palatalization.
Descendants
[edit]- Gaulish: *rutēnos (“red-haired?”)
- Old Irish: ruithen (“ray or beam of light”) (with irregular palatalization)
- Middle Irish: ruithen
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Schaffner, Stefan (2016–2017) “Lateinisch rutilus ‘rötlich, gelbrot, goldgelb’, altir. ruithen ‘Strahl, Glanz’ und kymr. rwt ‘Korrosion’”, in Die Sprache (in German), volume 52, number 1, pages 102–123
- ^ Prósper, Blanca María (2024) “Celto-Venetica: Indo-European Names from North-Eastern Italy and the Dialectal Classification of Venetic”, in Voprosy Onomastiki, volume 21, number 2, pages 9-50