Reconstruction:Proto-Dravidian/ñām

This Proto-Dravidian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Dravidian

Pronoun

*ñām

1. 1SG plural inclusive pronoun; we

Descendants

• South Dravidian
  • Old Kannada: ನಾವ್ (nāv)
    • Kannada: ನಾವು (nāvu)
  • Malayalam: നാം (nāṁ)
  • Tamil: நாம் (nām)
  • Tulu: ನಮ (nama​)

• South-Central
  • Telugu: ఏము (ēmu), మేము (mēmu), మనము (manamu)
  • Gondi: నమొట్ (namoṭ)

• Central Dravidian
  • Kolami: నేణ్డ్ (nēṇḍ)
  • Southeastern Kolami: నేణ్డ్ (nēṇḍ), నేమ్ (nēm)

• North Dravidian
  • Brahui: نان (nān)
  • Kurukh: नाम (nām)
  • Kumarbhag Paharia: नम

See also

Proto-Dravidian personal pronouns

				singular	plural
1st person			exclusive	*yĀn	*yĀm
			inclusive		*ñām
			reflexive	*tān	*tām
2nd person				*nīn	*nīm
3rd person			masculine	*iwanṯu (proximal) *uwanṯu (yonder) *awanṯu (distal) *yĀwanṯu (interrogative)	*iwar (proximal) *uwar (yonder) *awar (distal) *yĀwar (interrogative)
			feminine	*iwaḷ (proximal) *uwaḷ (yonder) *awaḷ (distal) *yĀwaḷ (interrogative)
			non-human	*itu (proximal) *utu (yonder) *atu (distal) *yĀtu (interrogative)	*iway (proximal) *uway (yonder) *away (distal) *yĀway (interrogative)

References

• Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2003) The Dravidian Languages (Cambridge Language Surveys), Cambridge University Press, →ISBN.
• Burrow, T., Emeneau, M. B. (1984) “nām”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN.