Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/halpa
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Proto-Finnic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Possibly, through earlier *šalpa, from Proto-Germanic *salwaz (“dirty”). An alternative theory suggests Uralic origin, from Proto-Finno-Permic *šalɜ, in which case the word may be cognate with Eastern Mari шулдо (šuldo).
Adjective
[edit]*halpa
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of *halpa
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *halpa | *halbat | |
accusative | *halban | *halbat | |
genitive | *halban | *halpadën *halpoidën | |
partitive | *halpada | *halpoida | |
inessive | *halbassa *halbahna |
*halboissa *halboihna | |
elative | *halbasta | *halboista | |
illative | *halpahën | *halpoihën | |
adessive | *halballa | *halboilla | |
ablative | *halbalta | *halboilta | |
allative | *halpalën *halpalëk |
*halpoilën *halpoilëk | |
essive | *halpana | *halpoina | |
translative | *halbaksi | *halboiksi | |
instructive | *halban | *halboin | |
comitative | *halpanëk | *halpoinëk | |
abessive | *halbatta | *halboitta |
Descendants
[edit]- Estonian: halb (“bad”)
- → Livonian: alu (Salaca)
- Finnish: halpa
- Ingrian: halva
- Võro: halv
- Votic: (Kattila) alpõ
- →? Proto-Germanic: *halbaz (“half”) (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- “halb”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN