Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kärmeh
 |
This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]| PIE word |
|---|
| *kʷŕ̥mis |
From earlier *kärmeš, borrowed from an East Baltic descendant meaning “snake” of Proto-Balto-Slavic *kírmis (“worm”),[1] from Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis.
Noun
[edit]*kärmeh
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of *kärmeh
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kärmeh | *kärmehet | |
| accusative | *kärmehen | *kärmehet | |
| genitive | *kärmehen | *kärmehten *kärmehiden | |
| partitive | *kärmehtä | *kärmehitä | |
| inessive | *kärmehessä *kärmehehnä |
*kärmehissä *kärmehihnä | |
| elative | *kärmehestä | *kärmehistä | |
| illative | *kärmehesen | *kärmehisen | |
| adessive | *kärmehellä | *kärmehillä | |
| ablative | *kärmeheltä | *kärmehiltä | |
| allative | *kärmehelen *kärmehelek |
*kärmehilen *kärmehilek | |
| essive | *kärmehenä | *kärmehinä | |
| translative | *kärmeheksi | *kärmehiksi | |
| instructive | *kärmehen | *kärmehin | |
| comitative | *kärmehenek | *kärmehinek | |
| abessive | *kärmehettä | *kärmehittä | |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Estonian: (dialectal) kärm, kärv
- Finnish: käärme, (dialectal) kärmes
- Ingrian: käärme
- Karelian:
- Livonian: kīermõz
- Ludian: kiärmeh
- → Northern Sami: gearpmaš
- →? Ter Sami: кэрӎс (kerm̥s)
References
[edit]- ^ Jakob, Anthony. Symmetry in vowel substitutions: the case of Baltic and Finnic in Areal Effects in Prehistoric Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Proceedings of the workshop in Congressus XIII Internationalis Fenno-Ugristarum, August 22–23, 2022, University of Vienna (Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia = Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 280), pp. 29-49. Helsinki 2025 [1]. p. 33
Further reading
[edit]- Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), “käärme”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN