Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tīwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god”). Possibly attested as 𐌕𐌄𐌉𐌅𐌀 (teiva) on the Negau helmet.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtiː.wɑz/
• Rhymes: -iː.wɑz

Noun

*tīwaz m

1. deity, god
2. (as a proper noun) Tyr, the Germanic god of war. Identified in later times with the Roman god Mars.
3. (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᛏ (t)

Inflection

Declension of *tīwaz (masculine a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*tīwaz	*tīwōz, *tīwōs
vocative	*tīw	*tīwōz, *tīwōs
accusative	*tīwą	*tīwanz
genitive	*tīwas, *tīwis	*tīwǫ̂
dative	*tīwai	*tīwamaz
instrumental	*tīwō	*tīwamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *Tīw
  • Old English: Tīw, Tuu, Tīg, Tiig — Mercian
    • → English: Tiw
  • Old Frisian: Tii
  • Old High German: Ziu, *Zīw
• >? Gothic: *𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍅𐍃 (*teiws) or *𐍄𐌹𐌿𐍃 (*tius)
• Proto-Norse: ᛏᛁᚢᛦ (tīuʀ)
  • Old Norse: týr, Týr
    • Icelandic: tívar
    • >? Faroese: tívi
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: tivar
    • Danish: Ty, Ti (dialectal, place names)
    • Faroese: Týrur
    • Icelandic: týr, Týr
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: Ty
    • Old Swedish: Tīr, Tȳr
      • Late Old Swedish: Tī, Tȳ, Tīr, Tȳr, Thīr (archaic, dialectal, ᛏ rune name, place names)
        • Swedish: Ti, Ty, Tir, Tyr, Tÿr, Tijr, Thir (archaic/obsolete, dialectal, ᛏ rune name, place names)
    • → Danish: Tyr
    • → English: Tyr
    • → Russian: Тюр (Tjur)
    • → Swedish: Tyr