Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/anhtō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Connected by Orel to Proto-Celtic *anxtu (“slaughter”), which he appears to further link to Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (“to tighten”),^[1] though this does not appear to be followed by Celticists.

Others derive the term from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enk-, *h₂enḱ- (“fate, destiny”), apparently from *h₂neḱ- (“to reach, attain”). See Ancient Greek ἀνάγκη (anánkē, “force; necessity”) for more.^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑ̃ːx.tɔː/

Noun

*anhtō f^[1]

persecution

Inflection

Declension of *anhtō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*anhtō	*anhtôz
vocative	*anhtō	*anhtôz
accusative	*anhtǭ	*anhtōz
genitive	*anhtōz	*anhtǫ̂
dative	*anhtōi	*anhtōmaz
instrumental	*anhtō	*anhtōmiz

Derived terms

*anhtijaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *ą̄htu
- Old English: ōht
- Old Frisian: achte, acht
- Old Saxon: *āhta, ōht
  - Middle Low German: achte
    - Low German: Acht
    - → Norwegian Bokmål: akt
- Old Dutch: *āhta
  - Middle Dutch: achte
    - Dutch: acht
- Old High German: āhta
  - Middle High German: āhte, ǣhte
    - German: Acht

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003), “*anxtō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 20
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀνάγκη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 97

[HGE-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003), “*anxtō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 20

[2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀνάγκη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 97

[1]

[2]