Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bibāną

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰe-bʰóyh₂-e ~ *bʰe-bʰih₂-ḗr, reduplicated stative of *bʰeyh₂- (“to fear, to be afraid”). Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *bajā́ˀtei (“to fear, be afraid”), Sanskrit बिभाय (bibhā́ya, “to fear”), Avestan 𐬠𐬌𐬡𐬌𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬵 (biβiuuāh, “to be afraid”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

*bibāną[1][2]

  1. to tremble, quake, shiver

Inflection[edit]

Conjugation of *bibāną (weak class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *bibō ? — ? ?
2nd singular *bibaisi ? *bibai *bibāsai ?
3rd singular *bibaiþi ? *bibāþau *bibāþai ?
1st dual *bibōs ? — — —
2nd dual *bibāþiz ? *bibāþiz — —
1st plural *bibāmaz ? — *bibānþai ?
2nd plural *bibaiþ ? *bibaiþ *bibānþai ?
3rd plural *bibānþi ? *bibānþau *bibānþai ?
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *bibadǭ *bibadēdį̄
2nd singular *bibadēz *bibadēdīz
3rd singular *bibadē *bibadēdī
1st dual *bibadēdū *bibadēdīw
2nd dual *bibadēdudiz *bibadēdīdiz
1st plural *bibadēdum *bibadēdīm
2nd plural *bibadēdud *bibadēdīd
3rd plural *bibadēdun *bibadēdīn
present past
participles *bibāndz *bibadaz

Related terms[edit]

  • *bubjaną (“to tremble one's voice, murmur”)

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bibēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 63
  2. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*bibōjan ~ *bibēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 45
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