Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drībaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”). Cognate with Irish drip (“bustle”) and possibly Lithuanian dri̇̀bti (“to fall, trickle”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdriː.βɑ.nɑ̃/
Rhymes: -iː.βɑ.nɑ̃

Verb

*drībaną^[1]^[2]

to drive, push, compel to go

Inflection

Conjugation of *drībaną (strong class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*drībō	*drībaų	—	*drībai	?
2nd singular	*drībizi	*drībaiz	*drīb	*drībazai	*drībaizau
3rd singular	*drībidi	*drībai	*drībadau	*drībadai	*drībaidau
1st dual	*drībōz	*drībaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*drībadiz	*drībaidiz	*drībadiz	—	—
1st plural	*drībamaz	*drībaim	—	*drībandai	*drībaindau
2nd plural	*drībid	*drībaid	*drībid	*drībandai	*drībaindau
3rd plural	*drībandi	*drībain	*drībandau	*drībandai	*drībaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*draib	*dribį̄
2nd singular	*draift	*dribīz
3rd singular	*draib	*dribī
1st dual	*dribū	*dribīw
2nd dual	*dribudiz	*dribīdiz
1st plural	*dribum	*dribīm
2nd plural	*dribud	*dribīd
3rd plural	*dribun	*dribīn

	present	past
participles	*drībandz	*dribanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *drīban
- Old English: drīfan
  - Middle English: driven, drifen, drifven
    - English: drive
    - Scots: drive
    - Yola: dhreeve, dhrive, dreeve, drieve, drive
- Old Frisian: drīva
  - North Frisian: driiw (Föhr-Amrum), driwe (Mooring), driiv (Sylt), driwwe (Wiedingharde)
  - Saterland Frisian: drieuwe
  - West Frisian: driuwe
- Old Saxon: drīvan, drīƀan
  - Middle Low German: driven
    - Low German: drieven
    - Plautdietsch: driewen
- Old Dutch: drīvan
  - Middle Dutch: driven
    - Dutch: drijven
      - Afrikaans: dryf, drywe
      - Papiamentu: drif
    - Limburgish: drieve
- Old High German: trīban
  - Middle High German: trīben
    - Alemannic German: triibe
    - Bavarian: dreibm, dreim
    - Central Franconian: drieve, dreive
      - Hunsrik: dreive
      - Luxembourgish: dreiwen
    - German: treiben
    - Yiddish: טרײַבן (traybn)
Old Norse: drífa
- Icelandic: drífa
- Faroese: dríva
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Bokmål: drive
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: driva, drive
- Old Swedish: drīva
  - Swedish: driva
- Old Danish: drivæ
  - Danish: drive
- Elfdalian: draiva
Gothic: 𐌳𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (dreiban)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*drīban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 103
^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*drībanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*drīban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 103

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003), “*drībanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76

[1]

[2]