Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hundą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier *humdan, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm (“hundred”). Cognate with Latin centum, Old Irish cét, Lithuanian šimtas, Sanskrit शत (śatá).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxun.dɑ̃/

Noun

Proto-Germanic numbers ^(edit)

[a], [b] ←  100	120	1,000  →
	12
Cardinal: *hundą

*hundą n

1. (+genitive) a great hundred (120)
2. (+genitive) a hundred (100)
3. a hundred (an administrative division and a group of a hundred men sent out to fight as noted by Tacitus in his Germania)

Usage notes

The words *hundą and *hundaradą may have not originally had a specific definition, but used as a general word for a fairly large number. This usage continued in many daughter languages, but eventually its value was fixed at 100 as was Latin centum, its cognate. Following a similar way to the third sense, Tacitus notes that being considered a member of the "hundred-band" - as in, one of the hundred men selected to fight - came to eventually be a sort-of "badge of honor" amongst those who "wore" said "badge".

Inflection

Declension of *hundą (neuter a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*hundą	*hundō
vocative	*hundą	*hundō
accusative	*hundą	*hundō
genitive	*hundas, *hundis	*hundǫ̂
dative	*hundai	*hundamaz
instrumental	*hundō	*hundamiz

Derived terms

• *hundaradą

Descendants

• Old English: hund
  • Middle English: hund
• Old Frisian: hund (in compounds)
• Old Saxon: hund
  • Middle Low German: hunt
• Old Dutch: *hunt
  • Middle Dutch: hont
    • Dutch: hond
• Old High German: hund
  • Middle High German: hunt
    • German: hunt (obsolete)
• Old Norse: hund-
  • ⇒ Old Norse: Áttundaland, Fjaðryndaland, Tíundaland
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (hund)
• →? Proto-Finno-Ugric: *kunta
  • Proto-Finnic: *kunta (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Hungarian: hodu
    • Hungarian: had