शत

See also: शांत

Hindi

Etymology

From Sanskrit शत (śata). Doublet of सौ (sau).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃət̪/

Numeral

शत • (śat)

1. (cardinal, literary, in compounds) (one) hundred

   Synonym: सौ (sau)

Derived terms

• प्रतिशत (pratiśat)
• शतपाद (śatpād)
• शतवर्ष (śatvarṣ)
• शतवार्षिक (śatvārṣik)
• शतशत (śatśat)
• शतांश (śatānś)
• शताब्दी (śatābdī)

 

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “शत”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

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Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śatám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ĉatám, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀‎ (sata), Ancient Greek ἑκατόν (hekatón), Latin centum, Old Church Slavonic съто (sŭto), Lithuanian šimtas, Tocharian A känt, Old English hundred (whence English hundred).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ.t̪ɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɐ.t̪ɐ/

Numeral

शत • (śatá) n, rarely m, at the end of a compound f(ī)

1. hundred, used with numerals thus:

   एकाधिकं शतम् (ekā*dhikaṃ śatam) or एकशतम् (eka-śatam) — a hundred one, 101

   विंशत्यधिकं शतम् (viṃśaty-adhikaṃ śatam) or विंशं शतम् (viṃśaṃ śatam) — a hundred twenty, 120

   शते (śate) or द्वे शते (dve śate) or द्विशतम् (dvi-śatam) or शतद्वयम् (śata-dvayam) — 200

   त्रीणि शतानि (trīṇi śatāni) or त्रिशतानि (tri-śatāni) or शतत्रयम् (śata-trayam) — 300

   षट्शतम् (ṣaṭ-śatam) — 600

   1. or the compound becomes an ordinal

      द्विशत (dvi-śata) — the 200th

      द्विकं शतम् (dvikaṃ śatam), त्रिकं शतम् (trikaṃ śatam) — 2, 3 per cent

      शतात्पर (śatātpara) — beyond a hundred, exceeding 100

   2. the counted object is added either in the genitive, or in the same case as śata, or at the beginning of a compound

      शतम् पितरः (śatam pitaraḥ) or शतम् पितॄणाम् (śatam pitṝṇām) or पितृशतम् (pitṛ-śatam) — a hundred ancestors

   3. rarely śatam is used as an indeclinable with an instrumental

      • RV 1.48.7c

      एषायुक्त परावतः सूर्यस्योदयनादधि |

      शतं रथेभिः सुभगोषा इयं वि यात्यभि मानुषान ||

      eṣāyukta parāvataḥ sūryasyodayanādadhi |

      śataṃ rathebhiḥ subhaghoṣā iyaṃ vi yātyabhi mānuṣān ||

      This Dawn hath yoked her steeds afar, beyond the rising of the Sun:

      Borne on a hundred chariots she, auspicious Dawn, advances on her way to Men.

   4. rarely occurs a masculine form in plural e.g. पञ्चशता रथान् (pañca-śatā rathān)
   5. and śata n rarely in compounds of the following kind:

      चतुर्वर्षशतम् (catur-varṣa-śatam) or चतुर्वर्षशतानि (catur-varṣa-śatamtāni) — 400 years

2. any very large number

   शतपत्त्र (śata-pattra) — a hundred leaves etc.

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of शत
Nom. sg.	शतम् (śatam)
Gen. sg.	शतस्य (śatasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शतम् (śatam)	शते (śate)	शतानि (śatāni)
Vocative	शत (śata)	शते (śate)	शतानि (śatāni)
Accusative	शतम् (śatam)	शते (śate)	शतानि (śatāni)
Instrumental	शतेन (śatena)	शताभ्याम् (śatābhyām)	शतैः (śataiḥ)
Dative	शताय (śatāya)	शताभ्याम् (śatābhyām)	शतेभ्यः (śatebhyaḥ)
Ablative	शतात् (śatāt)	शताभ्याम् (śatābhyām)	शतेभ्यः (śatebhyaḥ)
Genitive	शतस्य (śatasya)	शतयोः (śatayoḥ)	शतानाम् (śatānām)
Locative	शते (śate)	शतयोः (śatayoḥ)	शतेषु (śateṣu)

Masculine a-stem declension of शत
Nom. sg.	शतः (śataḥ)
Gen. sg.	शतस्य (śatasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शतः (śataḥ)	शतौ (śatau)	शताः (śatāḥ)
Vocative	शत (śata)	शतौ (śatau)	शताः (śatāḥ)
Accusative	शतम् (śatam)	शतौ (śatau)	शतान् (śatān)
Instrumental	शतेन (śatena)	शताभ्याम् (śatābhyām)	शतैः (śataiḥ)
Dative	शताय (śatāya)	शताभ्याम् (śatābhyām)	शतेभ्यः (śatebhyaḥ)
Ablative	शतात् (śatāt)	शताभ्याम् (śatābhyām)	शतेभ्यः (śatebhyaḥ)
Genitive	शतस्य (śatasya)	शतयोः (śatayoḥ)	शतानाम् (śatānām)
Locative	शते (śate)	शतयोः (śatayoḥ)	शतेषु (śateṣu)

Feminine ī-stem declension of शत
Nom. sg.	शती (śatī)
Gen. sg.	शत्याः (śatyāḥ)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शती (śatī)	शत्यौ (śatyau)	शत्यः (śatyaḥ)
Vocative	शति (śati)	शत्यौ (śatyau)	शत्यः (śatyaḥ)
Accusative	शतीम् (śatīm)	शत्यौ (śatyau)	शतीः (śatīḥ)
Instrumental	शत्या (śatyā)	शतीभ्याम् (śatībhyām)	शतीभिः (śatībhiḥ)
Dative	शत्यै (śatyai)	शतीभ्याम् (śatībhyām)	शतीभ्यः (śatībhyaḥ)
Ablative	शत्याः (śatyāḥ)	शतीभ्याम् (śatībhyām)	शतीभ्यः (śatībhyaḥ)
Genitive	शत्याः (śatyāḥ)	शत्योः (śatyoḥ)	शतीनाम् (śatīnām)
Locative	शत्याम् (śatyām)	शत्योः (śatyoḥ)	शतीषु (śatīṣu)

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀰𑀢 (śata), 𑀱𑀢 (ṣata)
  • Magadhi Prakrit:
    • Assamese: শ (xo)
    • Bhojpuri: सौ (sau)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀅 (saä), 𑀲𑀬 (saya)
    • Old Marathi: श्ये (śye), सें (seṃ)
      • Konkani: -शे
      • Marathi: -शे (-śe)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀤 (sada)
    • Old Gujarati: सउ
      • Gujarati: સો (so)
    • Hindustani:
      • Hindi: सौ (sau)
      • Urdu: سو‎ (sau)
    • Nepali: सय (saya)
    • Punjabi: ਸੌ (sau)
    • Romani: шэл, šel
• Dardic: *šatá
  • Kashmiri: şath
• Pali: sata
• → Bengali: শত (śôt)
  • → Rohingya: cót
• → Hindi: शत (śat)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “शत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1048.