शत

See also: शांत

Hindi

Etymology

From Sanskrit शत (śata). Doublet of सौ (sau).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃət̪/

Numeral

शत • (śat)

1. (literary, in compounds) (one) hundred

   Synonym: सौ (sau)

Derived terms

• प्रतिशत (pratiśat)
• शतपाद (śatpād)
• शतवर्ष (śatvarṣ)
• शतवार्षिक (śatvārṣik)
• शतशत (śatśat)
• शतांश (śatānś)
• शताब्दी (śatābdī)

 

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “शत”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

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Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śatám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćatám, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀‎ (sata), Ancient Greek ἑκατόν (hekatón), Latin centum, Old Church Slavonic съто (sŭto), Lithuanian šimtas, Tocharian A känt, Old English hundred (whence English hundred).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ.t̪ɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɐ.t̪ɐ/

Numeral

शत • (śatá) n, rarely m, at the end of a compound f(ī)

1. hundred, used with numerals thus:

   एकाधिकं शतम् (ekā*dhikaṃ śatam) or एकशतम् (eka-śatam) — a hundred one, 101

   विंशत्यधिकं शतम् (viṃśaty-adhikaṃ śatam) or विंशं शतम् (viṃśaṃ śatam) — a hundred twenty, 120

   शते (śate) or द्वे शते (dve śate) or द्विशतम् (dvi-śatam) or शतद्वयम् (śata-dvayam) — 200

   त्रीणि शतानि (trīṇi śatāni) or त्रिशतानि (tri-śatāni) or शतत्रयम् (śata-trayam) — 300

   षट्शतम् (ṣaṭ-śatam) — 600

   1. or the compound becomes an ordinal

      द्विशत (dvi-śata) — the 200th

      द्विकं शतम् (dvikaṃ śatam), त्रिकं शतम् (trikaṃ śatam) — 2, 3 per cent

      शतात्पर (śatātpara) — beyond a hundred, exceeding 100

   2. the counted object is added either in the genitive, or in the same case as śata, or at the beginning of a compound

      शतम् पितरः (śatam pitaraḥ) or शतम् पितॄणाम् (śatam pitṝṇām) or पितृशतम् (pitṛ-śatam) — a hundred ancestors

   3. rarely śatam is used as an indeclinable with an instrumental

      • RV 1.48.7c

      एषायुक्त परावतः सूर्यस्योदयनादधि |

      शतं रथेभिः सुभगोषा इयं वि यात्यभि मानुषान ||

      eṣāyukta parāvataḥ sūryasyodayanādadhi |

      śataṃ rathebhiḥ subhaghoṣā iyaṃ vi yātyabhi mānuṣān ||

      This Dawn hath yoked her steeds afar, beyond the rising of the Sun:

      Borne on a hundred chariots she, auspicious Dawn, advances on her way to Men.

   4. rarely occurs a masculine form in plural e.g. पञ्चशता रथान् (pañca-śatā rathān)
   5. and śata n rarely in compounds of the following kind:

      चतुर्वर्षशतम् (catur-varṣa-śatam) or चतुर्वर्षशतानि (catur-varṣa-śatamtāni) — 400 years

2. any very large number

   शतपत्त्र (śata-pattra) — a hundred leaves etc.

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of शत (śatá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शतम् śatám	शते śaté	शतानि / शता¹ śatā́ni / śatā́¹
Vocative	शत śáta	शते śáte	शतानि / शता¹ śátāni / śátā¹
Accusative	शतम् śatám	शते śaté	शतानि / शता¹ śatā́ni / śatā́¹
Instrumental	शतेन śaténa	शताभ्याम् śatā́bhyām	शतैः / शतेभिः¹ śataíḥ / śatébhiḥ¹
Dative	शताय śatā́ya	शताभ्याम् śatā́bhyām	शतेभ्यः śatébhyaḥ
Ablative	शतात् śatā́t	शताभ्याम् śatā́bhyām	शतेभ्यः śatébhyaḥ
Genitive	शतस्य śatásya	शतयोः śatáyoḥ	शतानाम् śatā́nām
Locative	शते śaté	शतयोः śatáyoḥ	शतेषु śatéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Masculine a-stem declension of शत (śatá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शतः śatáḥ	शतौ śataú	शताः / शतासः¹ śatā́ḥ / śatā́saḥ¹
Vocative	शत śáta	शतौ śátau	शताः / शतासः¹ śátāḥ / śátāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शतम् śatám	शतौ śataú	शतान् śatā́n
Instrumental	शतेन śaténa	शताभ्याम् śatā́bhyām	शतैः / शतेभिः¹ śataíḥ / śatébhiḥ¹
Dative	शताय śatā́ya	शताभ्याम् śatā́bhyām	शतेभ्यः śatébhyaḥ
Ablative	शतात् śatā́t	शताभ्याम् śatā́bhyām	शतेभ्यः śatébhyaḥ
Genitive	शतस्य śatásya	शतयोः śatáyoḥ	शतानाम् śatā́nām
Locative	शते śaté	शतयोः śatáyoḥ	शतेषु śatéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ī-stem declension of शती (śatī)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शती śatī	शत्यौ / शती¹ śatyau / śatī¹	शत्यः / शतीः¹ śatyaḥ / śatīḥ¹
Vocative	शति śati	शत्यौ / शती¹ śatyau / śatī¹	शत्यः / शतीः¹ śatyaḥ / śatīḥ¹
Accusative	शतीम् śatīm	शत्यौ / शती¹ śatyau / śatī¹	शतीः śatīḥ
Instrumental	शत्या śatyā	शतीभ्याम् śatībhyām	शतीभिः śatībhiḥ
Dative	शत्यै śatyai	शतीभ्याम् śatībhyām	शतीभ्यः śatībhyaḥ
Ablative	शत्याः śatyāḥ	शतीभ्याम् śatībhyām	शतीभ्यः śatībhyaḥ
Genitive	शत्याः śatyāḥ	शत्योः śatyoḥ	शतीनाम् śatīnām
Locative	शत्याम् śatyām	शत्योः śatyoḥ	शतीषु śatīṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀰𑀢 (śata), 𑀱𑀢 (ṣata)
  • Magadhi Prakrit:
    • Assamese: শ (xo)
    • Bhojpuri: सौ (sau)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀅 (saä), 𑀲𑀬 (saya)
    • Old Marathi: श्ये (śye), सें (seṃ)
      • Konkani: -शे
      • Marathi: -शे (-śe)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀤 (sada)
    • Old Gujarati: सउ
      • Gujarati: સો (so)
    • Hindustani:
      • Hindi: सौ (sau)
      • Urdu: سو‎ (sau)
    • Nepali: सय (saya)
    • Punjabi: ਸੌ (sau)
    • Romani: шэл, šel
• Dardic: *šatá
  • Kashmiri: şath
• Pali: sata
• → Bengali: শত (śôt)
  • → Rohingya: cót
• → Hindi: शत (śat)

See also

• द्विशत (dviśata, “two hundred”), द्वेशते (dveśate, “two hundred”)
• त्रिशत (triśata, “three hundred”)
• चतुःशत (catuḥśata, “four hundred”)
• पञ्चशत (pañcaśata, “five hundred”)
• षट्शत (ṣaṭśata, “six hundred”)
• सप्तशत (saptaśata, “seven hundred”)
• अष्टशत (aṣṭaśata, “eight hundred”)
• नवशत (navaśata, “nine hundred”)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “शत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1048.