Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mōdēr

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”), via the suffix-stressed variant *meh₂tḗr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɔː.ðɛːr/

Noun

*mōdēr f

1. mother

   Synonyms: *aiþį̄, *ammǭ, *mōmǭ

Inflection

Declension of *mōdēr (r-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*mōdēr	*mōdriz
vocative	*mōder	*mōdriz
accusative	*mōderų	*mōdrunz
genitive	*mōdurz	*mōdrǫ̂
dative	*mōdri	*mōdrumaz
instrumental	*mōdrē	*mōdrumiz

Derived terms

• *mōdrijaz
• *mōdrijǭ

Related terms

• *mōijǭ
• *mōþrą

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *mōder
  • Old English: mōdor, mōdur, mōder, mōddor
    • Middle English: moder
      • English: mother, mither (Scotland and Northern England)
        • Australian Kriol: motha
        • → Japanese: マザー (mazā)
        • → Korean: 마더 (madeo)
      • Scots: mither, medder, midder, moder, moeder (Shetland), mideer, mother
      • Yola: moodher, moother, moothar
  • Old Frisian: mōder
    • North Frisian: (Sytl) Mooter
    • Saterland Frisian: Múur, Mour, Mouer (Strukelje)
    • West Frisian: moer
  • Old Saxon: mōdar
    • Middle Low German: mōder
      • Low German: Moder, Moor
  • Old Dutch: muoder
    • Middle Dutch: moeder
      • Dutch: moeder, moer
        • Afrikaans: moeder
        • Negerhollands: muder, moeder
        • → Papiamentu: moer (dated)
      • Limburgish: moder
      • Zealandic: moeder
  • Old High German: muoter
    • Middle High German: muoter
      • Alemannic German: Mueter, Muetter, Mueder
        • Swabian: Muadr, Mudder, Muddr, Muadar, Muddar
        • Walser: muater, möter
      • Bavarian: muatar, Muada, mueter, muiter
        • Cimbrian: muatar, muutar (Sette Comuni)
      • Central Franconian: Modder, Motter (most of Central Franconian, changed from the dialectical form under influence from German)
        • Hunsrik: Mutter
        • Luxembourgish: Mudder
      • East Central German:
        • Upper Saxon German: Muddor
        • Vilamovian: mütter
      • East Franconian: Motter
      • German: Mutter, Mueter, Muetter, Muoter, Muotter, Muter
        • → Central Franconian: Motter
        • → Norwegian Nynorsk: muttern
      • Rhine Franconian: Modder, Mudder, Morrer, Murrer
        • Frankfurterisch: [mud̥æ̆]
        • Pennsylvania German: Mudder
      • Yiddish: מוטער (muter)
• Old Norse: móðir
  • Icelandic: móðir
  • Faroese: móðir
  • Norwegian: mor, moder
  • Old Swedish: mōþir
    • Swedish: moder, mor
  • Scanian: moðer
  • Danish: mor, moder
  • Gutnish: mor, moder