Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skaljō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *skol-yeh₂, from *(s)kelH- (“to split, part, divide”). See also the related *skalō (“shell, husk”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskɑl.jɔː/

Noun

*skaljō f

1. shell; husk; rind; peel

Inflection

Declension of *skaljō (ō-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*skaljō	*skaljôz
vocative	*skaljō	*skaljôz
accusative	*skaljǭ	*skaljōz
genitive	*skaljōz	*skaljǫ̂
dative	*skaljōi	*skaljōmaz
instrumental	*skaljō	*skaljōmiz

Related terms

• *skalō

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skallju
  • Old English: sċiell, sċiel, sċyll, sċyl, sċill, sċil, sċell, sċel
    • Middle English: schelle
      • English: shell
      • Scots: schel, schell
  • Old Frisian: *skell, *skill
    • Saterland Frisian: Skeele, Skiele
    • West Frisian: skyl
  • Old Saxon: *skellia
    • Middle Low German: schelle, schille
      • German Low German: Schille, Schill
      • Plautdietsch: Schal
      • → German: Schellfisch (compound)
  • Old Dutch: *skella
    • Middle Dutch: scelle, scille, schelle
      • Dutch: schil, schel
        • Afrikaans: skel, skil
        • Negerhollands: skel
      • → Middle English: schelle, schele, shelle, scille (“scale, outer layer, surface chip”)
  • Old High German: *skella
    • Middle High German: schelle (Central German)
  • → Romance:
    • → Friulian: scae
    • → Italian: scaglia
    • → Old French: escaille, eschaille, escalle
      • Middle French: escaille, eschaille, esquaille, escalle
        • French: écaille
      • → Middle English: shelle, schelle, scele (“vessel, dish, drinking vessel”)
    • → Piedmontese: scaja
    • → Sicilian: scagghia
    • → Venetan: scaja
• Old Norse: skel
  • Icelandic: skel
  • Faroese: skel
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: skjel
  • Danish: skæl n
    • Norwegian Bokmål: skjell
• Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (skalja)
• → Proto-Sami: *(s)kālčō (see there for further descendants)